kumu Zhang Zhuoyan Greenhouse Horticulture Agricultural Engineering Technology 2022-09-09 17:20 Posted in Beijing

ʻO nā ʻano ʻōmaʻomaʻo maʻamau a me nā hiʻohiʻona no ka mahi hua

ʻOhi ʻia nā hua i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ka ʻākau o Kina a koi i ka mahi ʻana i ka hale kōmaena.Eia nō naʻe, ua loaʻa nā pilikia like ʻole i ke kaʻina kanu maoli me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano mea like ʻole e like me nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka lā, nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo multi-span, a me nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

01 Hale Kiʻiʻoniʻoni

ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka uluʻana i nā hua i loko o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni heʻehā mau puka makani ma nāʻaoʻaoʻelua a me ka piko o ka hale kōmaena,ʻo kēlā me kēia me ka laulā o 50-80cm, a he maikaʻi ka hopena o ka ea.Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻohui i nā mea hoʻonaninani wela e like me nā quilts, maikaʻi ʻole ka hopena insulation thermal.ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka pō i ka hoʻoilo ʻākau ʻo -9°C, a ʻo ka awelika wela o ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni he -8°C.ʻAʻole hiki ke ulu i nā hua i ka hoʻoilo.

02 Hale Hōʻikeʻike Solar

ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o ka ulu ʻana i nā hua i loko o ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka lā, ʻo ia ka manawa o ka awelika haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka pō i ka hoʻoilo ʻākau he -9 ° C, hiki i ka awelika wela o ka hale kōmaena lā ke hiki i 8 ° C.Eia naʻe, ʻo ka pā lepo o ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka lā ke alakaʻi nei i ka haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻāina.I ka manawa like, aia nā puka makani ʻelua ma ka ʻaoʻao hema a me ke poʻo o ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka lā, ʻo kēlā me kēia me ka laulā o 50-80cm, a ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka hopena ventilation.

03 hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo multi-span

ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka ulu ʻana i nā hua i loko o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni multi-span ʻo ia ka mea ʻaʻole i noho ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo multi-span i nā ʻāina mahiʻai, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻāina.He ʻewalu mau puka makani ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻehā a me ka luna o ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo multi-span (e lawe i kahi hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo 30m×30m multi-span ma ke ʻano he laʻana).Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hopena ea.Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻo -9°C ka awelika wela o ka pō i ka hoʻoilo ʻākau, ʻo -7°C ka awelika wela o ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo multi-span.I ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu i kēlā me kēia lā e mālama i ka wela liʻiliʻi o loko i 15°C no ka ulu ʻana o nā hua maʻamau hiki ke hiki i 340 kW•h/667m.².

Mai 2018 a 2022, ua hoʻāʻo a hoʻohālikelike ka hui o ka mea kākau i nā hopena noi o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni, nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo lā a me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo multi-span.I ka manawa like, ua hoʻolālā ʻia a kūkulu ʻia kahi hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo akamai no ka kanu ʻana i nā hua.

Hoʻohālikelike i nā hiʻohiʻona nui o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo like ʻole

ʻO nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni, nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka lā a me nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo multi-span

ʻO ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo kaulua no nā hua

Ma ke kumu o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo maʻamau, ua hoʻolālā a kūkulu ka hui o ka mea kākau i kahi hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo pālua no ke kanu ʻana i nā hua, a ua hoʻokō i ke kanu hoʻāʻo me nā raspberry ma ke ʻano he laʻana.Ua hōʻike nā hopena i ka hana ʻana o ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo hou i kahi ʻano ulu i kūpono no ke kanu ʻana i nā hua, a hoʻonui i ka ʻono a me ka meaʻai o nā raspberry.

Hoʻohālikelike Hoʻohālikelike Huaʻai

hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo kaulua

He ʻano hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo hou ka lua-span greenhouse nona ka hopena ventila, hopena kukui a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻāina i kūpono no ka mahi hua.Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana hana ma ka papa ma lalo.

Hōʻike hale kōmaʻomaʻo kaulua-span/mm

Nā ʻāpana hoʻolālā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo kaulua

ʻOkoʻa ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kanu ʻana i nā hua mai ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu maʻamau.Hiki ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 2m nā ʻano raspberry i kanu ʻia.Ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo, e kiʻekiʻe loa nā mea kanu berry a wāwahi i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni.Pono ka ulu ʻana o nā hua i ka mālamalama ikaika (ka huina o ka pāhawewe lā 400~800 mau ʻāpana radiation (10⁴W/m²).Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka papa ma lalo nei ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka mālamalama a me ka nui o ka mālamalama i ke kauwela he liʻiliʻi ka hopena o nā hua, a i ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka manawa māmā pōkole i hopena i ka emi ʻana o ka hua hua.Aia kekahi ʻokoʻa o ka māmā māmā ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau a me ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka lā, e alakaʻi ana i ka ʻokoʻa o ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau a me ka hema.Ua poino loa ka papa lepo o ka paia lepo o ka hale hooulu la, he hapalua wale no ka hoohana ana o ka aina, a ua poino na hana pale ua me ka hoonui o ke ola lawelawe.

nā hopena o ka māmā māmā a me ka lōʻihi o ka māmā i ka hua raspberry i ka hoʻoilo a me ke kauwela

hoʻohana ʻāina

01 ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo

Ua hoʻonui ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo pālua hou i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka puka makani ma kahi haʻahaʻa loa e hōʻoia ai ʻaʻohe kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma ka wahi kanu e hiki ai ke pale i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu.Ke hoʻohālikelikeʻia me nā puka makani haʻahaʻa me ka laulā o 0.4-0.6m i loko o nā greenhouses solar maʻamau,ʻo nā puka makani me ka laulā o 1.2-1.5m i loko o ka lua-span greenhouse ua pālua i ka ea.

02 Ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻāina o ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka Pumehana a me ka Insulation

Ke hilinaʻi nei ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo pālua ma ka 16m a me ke kiʻekiʻe o 5.5m.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo lā maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o loko, a ʻo 95% o ka wahi kanu maoli i loaʻa me ka ʻole o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pā lepo, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻāina ma mua o 40%.ʻOkoʻa mai ka pā lepo i kūkulu ʻia no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka wela a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wela i loko o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka lā, ua hoʻohana ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo pālua i kahi ʻōnaehana insulation thermal kūloko a me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻomehana papahele, ʻaʻole i noho i ka wahi kanu.ʻO ka laulā nui e lawe mai i ka pālua a me ka nui o ka transmittance māmā, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka mālama wela o ka lepo e 0 ~ 5 ° C i kēlā me kēia makahiki.I ka manawa like, ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi quilt insulation thermal i loko a me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻomehana papahele i ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo e mālama i ka mahana o loko o ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma luna o 15 ° C ma lalo o ka nalu anu o -20 ° C i ka hoʻoilo ʻākau. pēlā e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka puka maʻamau o nā hua i ka hoʻoilo.

03 ʻO ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo

ʻO ka ulu ʻana o nā hua he koi kiʻekiʻe ma ka mālamalama, e koi ana i ka nui o ka lā o 400-800 mau ʻāpana radiation (10⁴W/m²) o ka māmā māmā.ʻO nā mea e pili ana i ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka wā, nā kau, ka latitu a me nā hale kūkulu.ʻO nā mea mua ʻekolu he mau hanana kūlohelohe a ʻaʻole mālama ʻia e ke kanaka, aʻo ka hope e hoʻomalu ʻia e ke kanaka.ʻO ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo e pili nui ana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo (i loko o 10 ° hema a ʻākau paha), ke kihi o ka hale (20 ~ 40 °), kahi uhi o nā mea kūkulu hale, ka māmā transmittance o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni plastik a me ka pollution, nā kulu wai, ka pae ʻelemakule, ʻo ia nā kumu nui e pili ana i nā kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo.Hoʻopau i ka insulation thermal waho a hoʻohana i ka ʻōnaehana insulation thermal i loko, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka ʻili o ka malu e 20%.I mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka hana hoʻoili māmā a me ke ola lawelawe maikaʻi o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, pono e wehe i ka wai ua a me ka hau ma ka ʻili o ke kiʻi i ka manawa.Ma hope o nā hoʻokolohua, ua ʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kihi o ka hale o 25 ~ 27 ° i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka ua a me ka hau.ʻO ka lōʻihi nui o ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻākau-hema hiki ke hana i ka ʻaʻahu kukui e hoʻonā i ka pilikia o ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu i loko o ka hale hoʻokahi.

Kūikawā nui-span thermal insulation plastic greenhouse no nā hua

Ua noiʻi a kūkulu ka hui o ka mea kākau i hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo nui.Loaʻa i kēia hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā mea maikaʻi loa i ke kumu kūʻai kūpono, ka hua hua a me ka hana insulation thermal.

Nā ʻāpana hoʻolālā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ākea nui

ʻO ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ākea ākea

01 Pono wela

ʻAʻole pono ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo nui i nā paia lepo, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻāina o ka hale kōmaena lā maʻamau ma mua o 30%.Ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hiki ke hiki i ka 6 ° C ka nui o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo i waho o ka wela wela ma waho, a ʻo ka ʻokoʻa wela ma waena o ka hale a me waho he 21 ° C.Ma ke ʻano o ka insulation thermal, ua like ia me ka hana ʻana o ka hale kōmaena lā.

Ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka wela a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka wela ma waena o ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo nui a me ka hale kōmaena lā i ka hoʻoilo

02 Nā pono hana

He hale kūpono ko ka hale, he kahua paʻa, he pale makani o ka papa 10, he hau hau o 0.43kN/m.², ke kū'ē ikaika i nā pōʻino kūlohelohe e like me ka ua a me ka hōʻiliʻili hau, a me ke ola lawelawe ma mua o 15 mau makahiki.Ke hoʻohālikelikeʻia me nā'ōmaʻomaʻo maʻamau, ua hoʻonuiʻia ka lumi o loko o ka'āpana hoʻokahi e 2 ~ 3 manawa, kahi kūpono no nā hana mechanized, a kūpono no ke kanuʻana i nā mea kanu me nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe (2m ± 1m).

03 Nā pōmaikaʻi o ke kaiapuni māmā a me ke ākea

He mea maikaʻi loa nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo nui i ka hoʻokele limahana a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ke kanu nui, a hiki ke pale maikaʻi i ka ʻōpala hana.ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka hale o ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ākea nui e noʻonoʻo pono i ke kihi kiʻekiʻe o ka lā a me ke kihi hanana o ka lā ma ka ʻili kiʻi ma lalo o nā kūlana latitude like ʻole, i hiki ai ke hana i nā kūlana hoʻomālamalama maikaʻi i nā kau like ʻole a me nā manawa hanana o ka lā (hui pū ʻia. me ka huina ma waena o ka ili kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka honua he 27° no ka ua a me ka hau e paheʻe i lalo holoʻokoʻa), i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka hoʻopuehu a me ka refraction o ka mālamalama e like me ka hiki, a hoʻonui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu lā.Hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo nui ma mua o 2 mau manawa, a ʻo ka CO₂ e pili ana i ka ea e hoʻonui ʻia ma mua o 2 mau manawa, kahi kūpono i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu a hoʻokō i ke kumu o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana.

Ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā mea like ʻole no ka ulu ʻana i nā hua

ʻO ke kumu o ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo i kūpono no ke kanu ʻana i ka berry, ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ulu ulu koʻikoʻi a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni i ke kanu berry, a ʻo ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu e hōʻike ana i nā pono a me nā pōʻino o kā lākou ulu ulu.

Hoʻohālikelike i ka ulu ʻana o nā raspberry i loko o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo like ʻole

Hoʻohālikelike i ka ulu ʻana o nā raspberry i loko o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo like ʻole

ʻO ka nui a me ka maikaʻi o ka hua raspberry e pili pū ana i ka ulu ʻana o ke kaiapuni a me ka mālama kaiapuni.ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻokō maʻamau o nā hua papa mua ma mua o 70% a ʻo ka puka o 4t/667m.² ʻo ia hoʻi ka loaʻa kālā kiʻekiʻe.

ka hoʻohālikelike o ka hua o nā greenhouses like ʻole a me ka helu hoʻokō maʻamau o nā hua papa mua

Nā huahana raspberry 

ʻIke kuhi

ʻO Zhang Zhuoyan. He hale hana kūikawā kūpono no ka mahi ʻana i nā hua ʻai [J].ʻenehana ʻenekinia mahiʻai, 2022,42(22):12-15.