Kumu kumu: Houcheng Liu.Ke kūlana hoʻomohala a me ke ʻano o ka ʻoihana kukui mea kanu LED [J]. Journal of Light Engineering, 2018,29 (04): 8-9.
ʻatikala Source: Material Once Deep

ʻO ka māmā ke kumu kūlohelohe o ka ulu a me ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu.ʻAʻole wale ka mālamalama e hāʻawi i ka ikehu no ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu ma o photosynthesis, akā he mea hoʻoponopono koʻikoʻi no ka ulu a me ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu.Hiki ke hoʻonui i ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu, hoʻonui i ka hua, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o ka huahana, kala, hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ʻāpana hana, a hoʻemi i ka hiki ʻana mai o nā maʻi a me nā pest.I kēia lā, e haʻi aku wau iā ʻoe i ke kūlana hoʻomohala a me ke ʻano o ka ʻoihana kukui mea kanu.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻenehana kumu kukui artificial i ke kula o ke kukui mea kanu.He nui nā pōmaikaʻi o LED e like me ke kukui kiʻekiʻe, ka hana haʻahaʻa wela, ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ke ola lōʻihi a me nā pono ʻē aʻe he nui.Loaʻa iā ia nā pōmaikaʻi ma ke kula o ka ulu kukui.ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana kukui e lawe mālie i nā kukui kukui LED no ka mahi kanu.

A. ʻO ke kūlana hoʻomohala o ka LED e ulu ana i ka ʻoihana kukui 

1.LED pūʻolo no ka ulu kukui

I ke kula o ka ulu ʻana i nā kukui kukui LED, nui nā ʻano mea hoʻopihapiha, a ʻaʻohe ʻōnaehana maʻamau a me ka loiloi loiloi.No laila, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā huahana kūloko, nā mea hana ʻē aʻe e kālele nui ana i ka mana kiʻekiʻe, cob a me nā ʻaoʻao module, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka moʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo o ka ulu ʻana o ke kukui, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana me nā ʻano ulu ulu a me ke ʻano kukui kanaka, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻenehana i ka hilinaʻi, māmā. pono, photosynthetic radiation hiʻohiʻona o nā mea kanu like ʻole i nā pōʻai ulu like ʻole, me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka mana kiʻekiʻe, ka mana waena a me nā mea kanu haʻahaʻa o nā ʻano nui like ʻole, e hoʻokō i nā pono o nā mea kanu like ʻole i nā wahi ulu like ʻole, me ka manaʻo e hoʻokō. ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ulu a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu.

Aia ka nui o nā patent koʻikoʻi no ka chip epitaxial wafers i ka lima o nā hui alakaʻi mua e like me Japan's Nichia a me American Career.Loaʻa ʻole nā ​​​​mea hana chip home i nā huahana patented me ka hoʻokūkū mākeke.I ka manawa like, ke hoʻomohala nei nā hui he nui i nā ʻenehana hou i ke kula o ka ulu ʻana i nā pahu kukui kukui.No ka laʻana, hiki i ka ʻenehana puʻupuʻu kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni o Osram ke hiki ke hoʻopili pū ʻia nā chips e hana i kahi ʻāpana kukui nui.Ma muli o kēia ʻenehana, hiki i kahi ʻōnaehana kukui LED kiʻekiʻe me ka lōʻihi o ka nalu o 660nm hiki ke hoʻemi i ka 40% o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu ma ka wahi mahiʻai.

2. E hoʻoulu i ka spectrum kukui a me nā mea hana
ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī a me nā ʻano like ʻole ka spectrum o nā kukui mea kanu.Loaʻa nā ʻokoʻa nui o nā mea kanu like ʻole i ka spectra i koi ʻia i nā pōʻai ulu like ʻole a hiki i nā wahi ulu like ʻole.I mea e hoʻokō ai i kēia mau pono ʻokoʻa, aia i kēia manawa nā papahana ma ka ʻoihana: ①Multiple monochromatic light combined schemes.ʻO nā spectra maikaʻi loa ʻekolu no ka photosynthesis mea kanu ʻo ia ka spectrum me nā peaks ma 450nm a me 660nm, ʻo ka band 730nm no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka pua pua, me ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo o 525nm a me ka hui ultraviolet ma lalo o 380nm.E hoʻohui i kēia mau ʻano spectra e like me nā pono like ʻole o nā mea kanu e hana i ka spectrum kūpono loa.②Full spectrum scheme e hoʻokō i ka uhi piha o ka spectrum koi mea kanu.ʻO kēia ʻano spectrum e pili ana i ka chip SUNLIKE i hōʻike ʻia e Seoul Semiconductor a me Samsung ʻaʻole paha i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi loa, akā kūpono ia no nā mea kanu āpau, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai ma mua o nā hoʻonā hui ʻana o nā kukui monochromatic.③E hoʻohana i ke kukui keʻokeʻo holoʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano he kumu nui, a me ke kukui ʻulaʻula 660nm ma ke ʻano he hoʻolālā hui e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka spectrum.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka hoʻokō o kēia papahana.

ʻO ka mea kanu e ulu ana i nā kukui monochromatic light LED chips (ʻo ka nalu nui he 450nm, 660nm, 730nm) uhi ʻia nā mea hoʻopihapiha e nā hui kūloko a me nā ʻāina ʻē, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa o nā huahana kūloko a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kikoʻī, a ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā huahana mea hana haole.I ka manawa like, e pili ana i ka photosynthetic photon flux, Light efficiency, etc.No nā mea kanu kukui monochromatic light packaging device, i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā huahana me nā kaha nalu nui o 450nm, 660nm, a me 730nm, nui nā mea hana e hoʻomohala nei i nā huahana hou i nā ʻāpana nalu ʻē aʻe e ʻike i ka uhi piha no ka photo-synthetically active radiation (PAR) ka lōʻihi o ka nalu (450-730nm).

ʻAʻole kūpono nā kukui ulu ulu lāʻau Monochromatic no ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu āpau.No laila, hōʻike ʻia nā pono o nā LED spectrum piha.Pono e hoʻokō mua ka spectrum piha i ka uhi piha o ke kukui ʻike ʻia (400-700nm), a hoʻonui i ka hana o kēia mau pūʻulu ʻelua: kukui uliuli-'ōmaʻomaʻo (470-510nm), kukui ʻulaʻula hohonu (660-700nm).E hoʻohana i nā kukui polū maʻamau a i ʻole ultraviolet LED chip me ka phosphor e hoʻokō i ka spectrum "piha", a ʻo kona pono photosynthetic kona kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa.ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea hana o nā mea kanu kukui keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo LED e hoʻohana i ka Blue chip + phosphors e hoʻokō i ka spectrum piha.Ma waho aʻe o ke ʻano o ka pahu kukui monochromatic a me ke kukui polū a i ʻole ka ultraviolet chip a me ka phosphor e ʻike ai i ke kukui keʻokeʻo, loaʻa i nā mea hoʻolale kukui mea kanu ke ʻano hoʻopihapiha hoʻopihapiha e hoʻohana ana i ʻelua a ʻoi aʻe paha nā puʻupuʻu nalu, e like me ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula uliuli/ultraviolet, RGB, RGBW .He mea maikaʻi loa kēia ʻano hoʻopili i ka dimming.

Ma ke ʻano o nā huahana LED haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hiki i ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻolako hoʻopihapiha ke hāʻawi i nā mea kūʻai aku me nā huahana lōʻihi like ʻole i ka band 365-740nm.E pili ana i ka spectrum kukui mea kanu i hoʻololi ʻia e nā phosphors, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea hana hoʻopihapiha i loaʻa nā ʻano spectrums no nā mea kūʻai aku e koho mai.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 2016, ua loaʻa ka piʻi nui o kāna kūʻai ʻana ma 2017.I waena o lākou, ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka 660nm LED kumu kukui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i 20% -50%, a ʻo ke kūʻai ʻana o ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu phosphor-hoʻololi ʻia ke kumu kukui LED a hiki i 50% -200 %, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā mea kanu phosphor-hoʻololi. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei nā kumu kukui LED.

Hiki i nā ʻoihana hoʻopili āpau ke hāʻawi i nā huahana hoʻopihapiha maʻamau 0.2-0.9 W a me 1-3 W.Hāʻawi kēia mau kumu kukui i nā mea hana kukui e loaʻa ka maʻalahi i ka hoʻolālā kukui.Eia kekahi, hāʻawi pū kekahi mau mea hana i nā huahana hoʻopili hoʻohui mana kiʻekiʻe.I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ma mua o 80% o nā hoʻouna ʻana o ka hapa nui o nā mea hana he 0.2-0.9 W a i ʻole 1-3 W. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka hoʻouna ʻana o nā ʻoihana hoʻopili honua alakaʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i 1-3 W, ʻoiai nā hoʻouna o nā mea liʻiliʻi a me waena- Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻoihana hoʻopihapiha nui i ka 0.2-0.9 W.

3. Nā kahua o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka mea kanu ulu kukui

Mai ke kahua o ka noi, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea hoʻoulu kukui e ulu ana i nā kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā hale hana kukui a pau, ka moʻomeheu mea kanu, nā kukui māla waho, nā mea kanu hale a me nā kanu pua, a me ka noiʻi noiʻi.

①Ma nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka lā a me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo multi-span, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā kukui artificial no nā kukui hoʻohui, a ʻo nā kukui halide metala a me nā kukui sodium kiʻekiʻe ka mea nui.He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka piʻi ʻana o ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana kukui LED, akā hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana i ka wikiwiki e like me ka hāʻule ʻana o ke kumukūʻai.ʻO ke kumu nui ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike lōʻihi o nā mea hoʻohana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukui halide metala a me nā kukui sodium kiʻekiʻe, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukui halide metala a me nā kukui sodium kiʻekiʻe hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi 6% a 8% o ka ikehu wela no ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo me ka pale ʻana i ke ahi i nā mea kanu.ʻAʻole hāʻawi ka ʻōnaehana kukui ulu LED i nā kuhikuhi kikoʻī a maikaʻi a me ke kākoʻo ʻikepili, i hoʻopaneʻe i kāna noi ʻana i ka lā a me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo multi-span.I kēia manawa, ʻo nā noi hōʻike liʻiliʻi ka mea nui.ʻOiai he kumu kukui anuanu ke LED, hiki ke kokoke i ka canopy o nā mea kanu, e hopena i ka hopena o ka wela.I ka lā a me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo multi-span, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke kukui ulu ʻana o LED i ka mahi ʻana i waena o nā mea kanu.

②Hoʻohana ʻāina mahiʻai ma waho.ʻO ke komo ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukui mea kanu i loko o ka hale mahiʻai ua lohi iki, ʻoiai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana kukui lāʻau LED (photoperiod control) no nā lā lōʻihi o waho me ka waiwai waiwai kiʻekiʻe (e like me ka hua dragon) ua loaʻa i ka ulu wikiwiki.

③ Nā hale hana mea kanu.I kēia manawa, ʻo ka ʻōnaehana kukui mea kanu wikiwiki a hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo ia ka hale hana mea kanu kukui a pau, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o nā kikowaena multi-layer a hoʻohele ʻia i nā hale kanu movable ma ka ʻāpana.ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoihana mea kanu kukui artificial ma Kina he wikiwiki loa.ʻO ke kino waiwai nui o ka hale kūʻai mea kanu kukui a pau ʻaʻole ia nā ʻoihana mahiʻai maʻamau, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻoihana i nā semiconductor a me nā huahana uila mea kūʻai aku, e like me Zhongke Sanʻan, Foxconn, Panasonic Suzhou, Jingdong, a pēlā pū. COFCO a me Xi Cui a me nā hui mahiʻai hou hou.I loko o nā hale hana mea kanu i hoʻolaha ʻia a me ka lawe lima ʻana, hoʻohana mau ʻia nā pahu hoʻouna (nā ipu hou a i ʻole ke kūkulu hou ʻana o nā ipu lima lua) ma ke ʻano he mea lawe maʻamau.Hoʻohana nui nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomālamalama mea kanu o nā mea kanu artificial a pau i nā ʻōnaehana kukui linear a pālahalaha paha, a ke hoʻomau nei ka nui o nā ʻano mea kanu.ʻO nā kumu kukui hoʻokolohua like ʻole nā ​​kumu kukui LED i hoʻomaka e hoʻohana nui a hoʻohana nui ʻia.ʻO nā huahana ma ka mākeke ka nui o nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo.

④Ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu hale.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke LED i nā kukui papaʻaina hale, nā hale kanu kanu hale, nā mīkini ulu meaʻai hale, etc.

⑤Ka kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu lāʻau.ʻO ka mahi ʻana i nā mea kanu lāʻau e pili ana i nā mea kanu e like me Anoectochilus a me Lithospermum.ʻO nā huahana i kēia mau mākeke ʻoi aku ka waiwai o ka hoʻokele waiwai a i kēia manawa he ʻoihana me nā noi kukui mea kanu.Eia kekahi, ʻo ka legalization o ka kanu ʻana i ka cannabis ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me nā ʻāpana o ʻEulopa ua hoʻolaha i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā kukui ulu LED ma ke kahua o ka kanu cannabis.

⑥Kuhi pua.Ma ke ʻano he mea hana pono no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka manawa pua o nā pua i ka ʻoihana māla pua, ʻo ka hoʻohana mua ʻana o nā kukui Flowering he mau kukui kukui, a ukali ʻia e nā kukui hoʻōla hoʻōla.Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana LED, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kukui pua pua LED i hoʻololi mālie i nā kukui kuʻuna.

⑦Ka moʻomeheu mea kanu.ʻO nā kumu kukui keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka maikaʻi a me ka hana wela nui.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā LED no ka moʻomeheu ʻiʻo mea kanu maikaʻi, hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma muli o kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi e like me ka hoʻohana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka hana haʻahaʻa wela a me ke ola lōʻihi.I kēia manawa, ke hoʻololi mālie nei nā paipu LED keʻokeʻo i nā kukui fluorescent keʻokeʻo.

4. Māhele ʻāpana o nā hui kukui ulu

Wahi a nā helu, aia i kēia manawa ʻoi aku ma mua o 300 e ulu ana i nā hui kukui i koʻu ʻāina, a e ulu ana nā hui kukui ma ka ʻāina ʻo Pearl River Delta ma mua o 50%, a aia lākou i kahi kūlana nui.E ulu i nā hui kukui ma ka muliwai ʻo Yangtze Delta ma kahi o 30%, a he wahi hana nui ia no ka ulu ʻana i nā huahana kukui.Hoʻolaha nui ʻia nā ʻoihana kukui ulu ma ka Yangtze River Delta, ka Pearl River Delta a me ka Bohai Rim, nona ka Yangtze River Delta no 53%, a me ka Pearl River Delta a me ka Bohai Rim account no 24% a me 22% pakahi. .ʻO nā wahi mahele nui o nā mea hana kukui e ulu ana ʻo Pearl River Delta (62%), ka Yangtze River Delta (20%) a me ka Bohai Rim (12%).

B. Development au o LED ulu kukui oihana

1. ʻOihana kūikawā

ʻO nā kukui ulu LED nā hiʻohiʻona o ka spectrum hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia a me ka ikaika māmā, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me ka hana wai wai maikaʻi, no laila kūpono ia no ka ulu ʻana i nā kukui i nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole.I ka manawa like, ua hoʻololi nā hoʻololi i ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe a me ka ʻimi ʻana o ka poʻe i ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai i hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomohala ikaika o ka hale mahiʻai a me ka ulu ʻana i nā hale hana, a alakaʻi i ka LED e ulu i ka ʻoihana kukui i kahi manawa o ka ulu wikiwiki.I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻo ka LED e ulu ana i nā kukui he mea nui i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana mahiʻai, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka palekana o ka meaʻai, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu.ʻO ke kumu kukui LED no ka ulu ʻana o ke kukui e hoʻomohala hou ʻia me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa lohi o ka ʻoihana a neʻe i kahi ʻoi aku ka manaʻo.

2. Hoʻoikaika kiʻekiʻe

ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka māmā māmā a me ka ikaika o ka ikehu ke kī i ka hōʻemi nui ʻana i nā kumukūʻai hana o ke kukui mea kanu.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā LED e hoʻololi i nā kukui kuʻuna a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kaiapuni māmā e like me nā koi ʻano māmā o nā mea kanu mai ke kahua seedling a hiki i ka pae ʻohi ʻana, ʻo ia nā ʻano hiki ʻole o ka mahiʻai hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka wā e hiki mai ana.Ma keʻano o ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka hua, hiki ke hoʻouluʻia i nā pae a me nā'āpana i hui pūʻia me ka māmā māmā e like me nā hiʻohiʻona ulu o nā mea kanu e hoʻonui i ka pono hana a me ka hua i kēlā me kēia pae.Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻoponopono meaʻai a me ka hoʻoponopono māmā no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike o nā meaʻai a me nā mea hana mālama olakino.

Wahi a nā manaʻo kuhi, ʻo ka noi ʻāina o kēia manawa no nā mea kanu mea kanu he 680 biliona, aʻo ka mana hana o nā mea kanu hale hana ma lalo o 10%.Loaʻa i ka ʻoihana seedling nā koi kaiapuni kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka manawa hana ka nui o ka hoʻoilo a me ka puna.He nāwaliwali ke kukui kūlohelohe a pono ke kukui hoʻohui ʻia.He kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻokomo a me ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ka mea kanu ulu a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻae ʻana i ka hoʻokomo.Loaʻa nā pono kūikawā o LED, no ka mea, pono e hoʻopili ʻia nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu (nā ʻōmato, nā kukama, nā melons, a me nā kikoʻī kikoʻī o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka māmā ma lalo o nā kūlana haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe e hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka ho'ōla ʻana i nā mea kanu i kālai ʻia.Hiki i ke kukui hoʻonui ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu ʻo Greenhouse no ka nele o ke kukui kūlohelohe, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono photosynthetic mea kanu, hoʻoikaika i ka pua a me ka hua, hoʻonui i ka hua, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana.Loaʻa i nā kukui ulu ulu ʻo LED kahi ākea noi no nā mea kanu mea kanu a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka greenhouse.

3. Naauao

He koi ikaika ka mea kanu ulu no ka mana maoli o ka maikaʻi māmā a me ka nui māmā.Me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka ʻenehana mana akamai a me ka noi ʻana o ka Internet of Things, hiki i nā ʻano monochromatic spectrums a me nā ʻōnaehana naʻauao ke hoʻomaopopo i ka mana o ka manawa, ka mana māmā, a e like me ke kūlana ulu o nā mea kanu, hoʻoponopono kūpono i ka maikaʻi o ka māmā a me ka puka māmā. ua paa e lilo i ka mea nui au i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka mea kanu ulu kukui 'enehana.