Puna kumu: Houcheng Liu. Ke kūlana hoʻomohala a me ke ʻano o ka ʻoihana kukui mea kanu LED [J]. Journal of Illumination Engineering, 2018,29(04):8-9.
Puna ʻatikala: Mea Hohonu Loa

ʻO ke kukui ke kumu nui o ke kaiapuni o ka ulu ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole wale ka mālamalama e hoʻolako i ka ikehu no ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu ma o ka photosynthesis, akā he mea hoʻoponopono koʻikoʻi hoʻi ia o ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu a me ka ulu ʻana. Hiki i ka hoʻohui kukui hana a i ʻole ka hoʻomālamalama piha ʻana i ke kukui hana ke hoʻoulu i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu, hoʻonui i ka hua, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o ka huahana, ke kala, hoʻonui i nā ʻāpana hana, a hoʻemi i ka hanana ʻana o nā maʻi a me nā mea ʻino. I kēia lā, e kaʻana like wau me ʻoe i ke kūlana hoʻomohala a me ke ʻano o ka ʻoihana kukui mea kanu.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻenehana kumu kukui artificial i ke kahua o ke kukui mea kanu. He nui nā pono o ka LED e like me ka maikaʻi o ka mālamalama, ka hana wela haʻahaʻa, ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui, ke ola lōʻihi a me nā pono ʻē aʻe he nui. Loaʻa iā ia nā pono maopopo ma ke kahua o ke kukui ulu. E hoʻohana mālie ka ʻoihana kukui ulu i nā kukui LED no ka mahi ʻana i nā mea kanu.

A. Ke kūlana hoʻomohala o ka ʻoihana kukui ulu LED 

1. Pūʻolo LED no ka hoʻomālamalama ulu

Ma ke kahua o ka hoʻopili kukui LED ulu, nui nā ʻano mea hoʻopili, a ʻaʻohe ʻōnaehana ana a loiloi like ʻia. No laila, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā huahana kūloko, ke kālele nui nei nā mea hana haole i nā kuhikuhi mana kiʻekiʻe, cob a me nā modula, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka moʻo kukui keʻokeʻo o ka hoʻomālamalama ulu, e noʻonoʻo ana i nā ʻano ulu mea kanu a me ke kaiapuni kukui humanized, loaʻa iā lākou nā pono loea nui aʻe i ka hilinaʻi, ka pono o ka mālamalama, nā ʻano radiation photosynthetic o nā mea kanu like ʻole i nā pōʻaiapuni ulu like ʻole, me nā ʻano like ʻole o nā mea kanu mana kiʻekiʻe, mana waena a me nā mea kanu mana haʻahaʻa o nā nui like ʻole, e hoʻokō i nā pono o nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole i nā wahi ulu like ʻole, me ka mana e hoʻokō i ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu.

He nui nā palapala sila nui no nā wafers epitaxial chip e waiho nei ma nā lima o nā hui alakaʻi mua e like me Nichia o Iapana a me American Career. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i nā mea hana chip kūloko nā huahana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka hoʻokūkū mākeke. I ka manawa like, ke hoʻomohala nei nā hui he nui i nā ʻenehana hou ma ke kahua o nā chips hoʻopili kukui ulu. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka ʻenehana chip kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi a Osram ke hoʻopili kokoke i nā chips e hana i kahi ʻili kukui ākea. Ma muli o kēia ʻenehana, hiki i kahi ʻōnaehana kukui LED kiʻekiʻe me ka nalu o 660nm ke hōʻemi i ka 40% o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu ma ka wahi mahiʻai.

2. E hoʻoulu i nā kukui uila a me nā mea hana
ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī a me ke ʻano like ʻole o ke kukui o nā mea kanu. He nui nā ʻokoʻa o nā mea kanu like ʻole i nā spectra e pono ai i nā pōʻaiapuni ulu like ʻole a me nā wahi ulu like ʻole. I mea e hoʻokō ai i kēia mau pono i ʻokoʻa ʻia, aia nā papahana i kēia manawa ma ka ʻoihana: ①Nui nā papahana hui kukui monochromatic. ʻO nā spectra ʻekolu kūpono loa no ka photosynthesis mea kanu, ʻo ia ka spectrum me nā piko ma 450nm a me 660nm, ke kāʻei 730nm no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka pua o nā mea kanu, a me ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo o 525nm a me ke kāʻei ultraviolet ma lalo o 380nm. E hoʻohui i kēia mau ʻano spectra e like me nā pono like ʻole o nā mea kanu e hana i ka spectrum kūpono loa. ②ʻO ka papahana spectrum piha e hoʻokō i ka uhi piha ʻana o ka spectrum koi mea kanu. ʻO kēia ʻano spectrum e pili ana i ka chip SUNLIKE i hōʻike ʻia e Seoul Semiconductor lāua ʻo Samsung ʻaʻole paha ʻo ia ka mea kūpono loa, akā kūpono ia no nā mea kanu āpau, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai ma mua o nā hopena hui kukui monochromatic. ③E hoʻohana i ke kukui keʻokeʻo piha-spectrum ma ke ʻano he kumu nui, a me ke kukui ʻulaʻula 660nm ma ke ʻano he papahana hui e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka spectrum. ʻOi aku ka waiwai a me ka pono o kēia papahana.

Uhi ʻia nā ʻāpana kukui LED monochromatic kukui ulu mea kanu (ʻo nā nalu nui he 450nm, 660nm, 730nm) e nā ʻoihana kūloko a me nā ʻāina ʻē, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka like ʻole o nā huahana kūloko a he nui nā kikoʻī, a ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā huahana a nā mea hana haole. I ka manawa like, ma ke ʻano o ka photon flux photosynthetic, ka pono o ka mālamalama, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, aia nō kahi ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā mea hana ʻōpala kūloko a me nā ʻāina ʻē. No nā mea hana ʻōpala kukui monochromatic kukui mea kanu, me nā huahana me nā kaula nalu nui o 450nm, 660nm, a me 730nm, ke hoʻomohala nei nā mea hana he nui i nā huahana hou i nā kaula nalu ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaopopo i ka uhi piha no ka nalu radiation photo-synthetically active (PAR) (450-730nm).

ʻAʻole kūpono nā kukui ulu mea kanu LED Monochromatic no ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu āpau. No laila, ua hōʻike ʻia nā pono o nā LED spectrum piha. Pono mua ka spectrum piha e hoʻokō i ka uhi piha o ka spectrum piha o ke kukui ʻike ʻia (400-700nm), a hoʻonui i ka hana o kēia mau kāʻei ʻelua: ke kukui polū-ʻōmaʻomaʻo (470-510nm), ke kukui ʻulaʻula hohonu (660-700nm). E hoʻohana i ka LED polū maʻamau a i ʻole ka chip LED ultraviolet me ka phosphor e hoʻokō i ka spectrum "piha", a ʻo kona pono photosynthetic he kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa ponoʻī. Hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā mea hana o nā mea hoʻopili kukui mea kanu LED keʻokeʻo i ka Blue chip + phosphors e hoʻokō i ka spectrum piha. Ma waho aʻe o ke ʻano hoʻopili o ke kukui monochromatic a me ke kukui polū a i ʻole ka chip ultraviolet me ka phosphor e hoʻomaopopo i ke kukui keʻokeʻo, loaʻa i nā mea hoʻopili kukui mea kanu kahi ʻano hoʻopili hui e hoʻohana ana i ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha nā chips wavelength, e like me ka ʻulaʻula he ʻumi uliuli/ultraviolet, RGB, RGBW. He mau pono nui kēia ʻano hoʻopili i ka dimming.

Ma ke ʻano o nā huahana LED haiki-nalu, hiki i ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻolako pahu ke hāʻawi i nā mea kūʻai aku me nā huahana nalu like ʻole ma ke kāʻei 365-740nm. No ka spectrum kukui mea kanu i hoʻololi ʻia e nā phosphors, loaʻa i ka hapa nui o nā mea hana pahu nā ʻano spectrum like ʻole no nā mea kūʻai aku e koho ai. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 2016, ua hoʻokō ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o kāna kūʻai aku ma 2017 i kahi piʻi nui. I waena o lākou, ua kau ʻia ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ke kumu kukui LED 660nm ma 20%-50%, a ʻo ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ke kūʻai aku o ke kumu kukui LED mea kanu i hoʻololi ʻia i ka phosphor i hiki i 50%-200%, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke ulu wikiwiki nei ke kūʻai aku o nā kumu kukui LED mea kanu i hoʻololi ʻia i ka phosphor.

Hiki i nā ʻoihana hoʻopili āpau ke hāʻawi i nā huahana hoʻopili laulā 0.2-0.9 W a me 1-3 W. ʻAe kēia mau kumu kukui i nā mea hana kukui e loaʻa ka maʻalahi maikaʻi i ka hoʻolālā kukui. Eia kekahi, hāʻawi pū kekahi mau mea hana i nā huahana hoʻopili i hoʻohui ʻia me ka mana kiʻekiʻe. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ma mua o 80% o nā ukana o ka hapa nui o nā mea hana he 0.2-0.9 W a i ʻole 1-3 W. I waena o lākou, ua kau nui ʻia nā ukana o nā ʻoihana hoʻopili honua alakaʻi ma 1-3 W, ʻoiai ʻo nā ukana o nā ʻoihana hoʻopili liʻiliʻi a me waena e kau nui ʻia ma 0.2-0.9 W.

3. Nā kahua o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā kukui ulu mea kanu

Mai ke kahua o ka noi, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā kukui uila ulu mea kanu i nā kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā hale hana kukui uila āpau-artificial, ka moʻomeheu ʻiʻo mea kanu, nā kukui mahiʻai waho, nā mea kanu home a me nā pua, a me ka noiʻi hale hana.

①I loko o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo solar a me nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo multi-span, ua haʻahaʻa mau ka hapa o ke kukui hana no ke kukui hoʻohui, a ʻo nā kukui halide metala a me nā kukui sodium kiʻekiʻe ke kumu nui. He haʻahaʻa iki ka nui o ke komo ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana kukui ulu LED, akā hoʻomaka ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana i ka wā e emi ai ke kumukūʻai. ʻO ke kumu nui, ʻo ia ka ʻike lōʻihi o nā mea hoʻohana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukui halide metala a me nā kukui sodium kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukui halide metala a me nā kukui sodium kiʻekiʻe hiki ke hāʻawi ma kahi o 6% a 8% o ka ikehu wela no ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo me ka pale ʻana i nā kuni i nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole i hāʻawi ka ʻōnaehana kukui ulu LED i nā kuhikuhi kikoʻī a me ke kākoʻo ʻikepili, kahi i hoʻopaneʻe ai i kāna noi ʻana i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ao a me nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo multi-span. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā noi hōʻike liʻiliʻi ke kumu nui. ʻOiai ʻo LED kahi kumu kukui anuanu, hiki ke kokoke i ka canopy o nā mea kanu, e hopena ana i ka hopena o ka mahana. I loko o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ao a me nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo multi-span, ʻoi aku ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻia o ke kukui ulu LED i ka mahi ʻana ma waena o nā mea kanu.

②Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke kahua mahiʻai ma waho. Ua lohi iki ka komo ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukui mea kanu i ka mahiʻai o nā hale, ʻoiai ua hoʻokō ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana kukui mea kanu LED (kaohi photoperiod) no nā mea kanu lā lōʻihi ma waho me ka waiwai waiwai kiʻekiʻe (e like me ka hua deragona) i ka ulu wikiwiki.

③Nā hale hana mea kanu. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka ʻōnaehana kukui mea kanu wikiwiki loa a hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo ia ka hale hana kukui mea kanu hana āpau, i māhele ʻia i nā hale hana mea kanu hoʻoneʻe multi-layer kikowaena a me nā hale hana mea kanu hoʻoneʻe i hoʻolaha ʻia ma ke ʻano. He wikiwiki loa ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hale hana mea kanu kukui hana ma Kina. ʻO ke kino hoʻopukapuka nui o ka hale hana mea kanu kukui hana multi-layer kikowaena ʻaʻole ia he mau ʻoihana mahiʻai kuʻuna, akā he nui nā ʻoihana e hana ana i nā huahana semiconductor a me nā huahana uila mea kūʻai aku, e like me Zhongke San'an, Foxconn, Panasonic Suzhou, Jingdong, a me COFCO a me Xi Cui a me nā ʻoihana mahiʻai hou hou. I nā hale hana mea kanu hoʻolaha a me nā hale hana kelepona, hoʻohana mau ʻia nā ipu hoʻouna (nā ipu hou a i ʻole ke kūkulu hou ʻana o nā ipu lua) ma ke ʻano he mea lawe maʻamau. Hoʻohana nui nā ʻōnaehana kukui mea kanu o nā mea kanu hana āpau i nā ʻōnaehana kukui linear a i ʻole flat-panel, a ke hoʻomau nei ka nui o nā ʻano i kanu ʻia. Ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻana o nā kumu kukui LED hoʻokolohua like ʻole. ʻO nā huahana ma ka mākeke he mau lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo nui.

④Ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu hale. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā LED i nā kukui papa ʻaina mea kanu hale, nā papa kanu mea kanu hale, nā mīkini ulu mea kanu hale, a pēlā aku.

⑤Ka mahi ʻana i nā mea kanu lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ka mahi ʻana i nā mea kanu lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i nā mea kanu e like me Anoectochilus lāua ʻo Lithospermum. ʻOi aku ka waiwai o nā huahana ma kēia mau mākeke a he ʻoihana i kēia manawa me nā noi kukui mea kanu hou aku. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kānāwai ʻana o ka mahi ʻana i ka cannabis ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me nā ʻāpana o ʻEulopa ua hoʻolaha i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukui ulu LED ma ke kahua o ka mahi ʻana i ka cannabis.

⑥Nā kukui pua. Ma ke ʻano he mea hana pono no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka manawa pua o nā pua i ka ʻoihana māla pua, ʻo ka hoʻohana mua ʻana o nā kukui pua he mau kukui incandescent, a ukali ʻia e nā kukui fluorescent mālama ikehu. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana LED, ua hoʻololi mālie nā kukui pua ʻano LED i nā kukui kuʻuna.

⑦Ka moʻomeheu ʻiʻo mea kanu. ʻO nā kumu kukui moʻomeheu ʻiʻo kuʻuna he mau kukui fluorescent keʻokeʻo nui, nona ka maikaʻi o ka mālamalama haʻahaʻa a me ka hana wela nui. ʻOi aku ka kūpono o nā LED no ka moʻomeheu ʻiʻo mea kanu kūpono, hiki ke hoʻomalu ʻia a paʻa ma muli o ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana haʻahaʻa, ka hana wela haʻahaʻa a me ke ola lōʻihi. I kēia manawa, ke pani mālie nei nā paipu LED keʻokeʻo i nā kukui fluorescent keʻokeʻo.

4. Ka hoʻolaha ʻāpana o nā ʻoihana kukui ulu

Wahi a nā helu helu, aia ma mua o 300 mau ʻoihana kukui ulu ma koʻu ʻāina i kēia manawa, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻoihana kukui ulu ma ka ʻāina ʻo Pearl River Delta ma mua o 50%, a aia lākou i kahi kūlana nui. ʻO nā ʻoihana kukui ulu ma ka Yangtze River Delta ma kahi o 30%, a he wahi hana koʻikoʻi nō ia no nā huahana kukui ulu. Hoʻolaha nui ʻia nā ʻoihana kukui ulu kuʻuna ma ka Yangtze River Delta, ka Pearl River Delta a me ka Bohai Rim, nona ka Yangtze River Delta he 53%, a ʻo ka Pearl River Delta a me ka Bohai Rim he 24% a me 22%. ʻO nā wahi hoʻolaha nui o nā mea hana kukui ulu LED ʻo ia ka Pearl River Delta (62%), ka Yangtze River Delta (20%) a me ka Bohai Rim (12%).

B. Ke ʻano hoʻomohala o ka ʻoihana kukui ulu LED

1. Kūikawā

Loaʻa i nā kukui ulu LED nā ʻano o ke ʻano hoʻololi a me ka ikaika o ka mālamalama, ka hana wela haʻahaʻa holoʻokoʻa, a me ka hana wai maikaʻi, no laila kūpono ia no ke kukui ulu ma nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻolaha nā loli i ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe a me ka ʻimi ʻana o ka poʻe i ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai i ka hoʻomohala ikaika ʻana o nā hale mahiʻai a me nā hale hana ulu, a alakaʻi i ka ʻoihana kukui ulu LED i kahi manawa o ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e pāʻani ke kukui ulu LED i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pono o ka hana mahiʻai, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka palekana o ka meaʻai, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu. E hoʻomohala hou ʻia ke kumu kukui LED no ke kukui ulu me ka loea mālie o ka ʻoihana a neʻe i kahi ala i kuhikuhi ʻia.

2. Ka pono kiʻekiʻe

ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pono o ke kukui a me ka pono o ka ikehu ke kī i ka hōʻemi nui ʻana i nā kumukūʻai hana o ke kukui ʻana o nā mea kanu. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā LED e pani i nā kukui kuʻuna a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikaika a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kaiapuni kukui e like me nā koi o ke ʻano kukui o nā mea kanu mai ke kahua kanu a hiki i ke kahua ʻohi ʻana, ʻo ia nā ʻano hiki ʻole ke pale ʻia o ka mahiʻai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i ka wā e hiki mai ana. No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hua, hiki ke mahi ʻia i nā pae a me nā wahi i hui pū ʻia me ke ʻano kukui e like me nā ʻano ulu o nā mea kanu e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono hana a me ka hua i kēlā me kēia pae. No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka meaʻai a me ka hoʻoponopono kukui e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā meaʻai a me nā mea hana olakino ʻē aʻe.

Wahi a nā kuhi, ʻo ke koi aupuni o kēia manawa no nā mea kanu kanu he 680 biliona, ʻoiai ʻo ka hiki ke hana i nā mea kanu hale hana he emi ma mua o 10%. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā koi kaiapuni o ka ʻoihana mea kanu. ʻO ka hoʻoilo a me ka pūnāwai ka manawa hana. He nāwaliwali ka mālamalama kūlohelohe a pono ka mālamalama hoʻohui artificial. Loaʻa i ke kukui ulu mea kanu kahi hoʻokomo a me ka hopena kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻae ʻana i ka hoʻokomo. Loaʻa i ka LED nā pono kūikawā, no ka mea, pono e hoʻopili ʻia nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu (nā tōmato, nā kukama, nā melons, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), a ʻo ke ʻano kikoʻī o ka hoʻopihapiha kukui ma lalo o nā kūlana haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe hiki ke hoʻolaha i ka ho'ōla ʻana o nā mea kanu i hoʻopili ʻia. Hiki i ke kukui hoʻohui kanu mea kanu hale kōmaena ke hoʻopiha no ka nele o ka mālamalama kūlohelohe, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono photosynthetic mea kanu, hoʻolaha i ka pua a me ka hua, hoʻonui i ka hua, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana. Loaʻa i ke kukui ulu LED kahi manaʻolana ākea no nā mea kanu kanu a me ka hana hale kōmaena.

3. Akamai

He koi nui ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i nā kukui ulu mea kanu no ka kaohi manawa maoli o ka maikaʻi o ke kukui a me ka nui o ke kukui. Me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka ʻenehana kaohi akamai a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka Pūnaewele o nā Mea, hiki i nā ʻano spectrums monochromatic a me nā ʻōnaehana kaohi akamai ke hoʻokō i ka kaohi manawa, ka kaohi kukui, a e like me ke kūlana ulu o nā mea kanu, ʻo ka hoʻoponopono manawa kūpono o ka maikaʻi o ke kukui a me ka puka kukui e lilo i mea nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana kukui ulu mea kanu i ka wā e hiki mai ana.