[Abstract] Ma muli o ka nui o nā ʻikepili hoʻokolohua, kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i kekahi mau mea koʻikoʻi i ke koho ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka mālamalama i nā hale mea kanu, me ke koho ʻana i nā kumu kukui, nā hopena o ke kukui ʻulaʻula, uliuli a melemele, a me ke koho ʻana i nā spectral. nā pae, i mea e hāʻawi ai i ka ʻike i ka maikaʻi māmā i nā hale mea kanu.ʻO ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka hoʻolālā hoʻohālikelike e hāʻawi i kekahi mau hoʻonā kūpono i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻike.
Ke koho ʻana i ke kumu kukui

Hoʻohana maʻamau nā mea kanu i nā kukui LED.ʻO kēia ke kumu no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kukui LED i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka maikaʻi luminous kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻohana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka liʻiliʻi o ka wela, ke ola lōʻihi a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka māmā a me ka spectrum, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō wale i nā koi o ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu a me ka hōʻiliʻili waiwai pono, akā mālama pū i ka ikehu, e ho'ēmi i ka hana wela a me nā koina uila.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia nā kukui ulu LED i nā kukui LED ākea ākea hoʻokahi no ke kumu maʻamau, nā kukui LED ākea ākea ākea hoʻokahi chip, a me nā kukui LED hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia.ʻOi aku ke kumu kūʻai o nā ʻano kukui LED ʻelua ma mua o 5 mau manawa ma mua o nā kukui LED maʻamau, no laila e koho ʻia nā kumu kukui ʻokoʻa e like me nā kumu like ʻole.No nā hale hana mea kanu nui, hoʻololi nā ʻano mea kanu a lākou e ulu ai me ka makemake o ka mākeke.I mea e hōʻemi ai i nā kumukūʻai kūkulu a ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia nui i ka hana hana, ʻōlelo ka mea kākau i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana LED ākea ākea no ke kukui maʻamau e like me ke kumu kukui.No nā hale kanu liʻiliʻi, inā paʻa nā ʻano mea kanu, i mea e loaʻa ai ka maikaʻi o ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka maikaʻi me ka ʻole o ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i ke kumukūʻai kūkulu, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā pahu kukui ākea ākea no nā mea kanu a i ʻole nā ​​kukui ākea.Inā ʻo ia ke aʻo ʻana i ka hopena o ka mālamalama i ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā mea pono, i mea e hāʻawi ai i ke ʻano māmā maikaʻi loa no ka hana nui i ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi hui multi-chip o nā kukui LED spectrum hiki ke hoʻololi. ʻO nā mea e like me ka ikaika māmā, spectrum a me ka manawa māmā e loaʻa ai ke kumu māmā maikaʻi loa no kēlā me kēia mea kanu no laila e hāʻawi i ke kumu no ka hana nui.

ʻO ke kukui ʻulaʻula a me ka uliuli

E pili ana i nā hopena hoʻokolohua kikoʻī, inā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kukui ʻulaʻula (R) ma mua o ke kukui uliuli (B) (lettuce R:B = 6:2 a me 7:3; spinach R:B = 4: 1; nā hua ʻumeke R:B = 7:3; nā hua kukama R:B = 7:3), ua hōʻike ka hoʻokolohua i ka ʻike biomass (me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mea kanu o ka ʻāpana lewa, ka nui o ka lau, ke kaumaha hou a me ke kaumaha maloʻo. , a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ke anawaena o ke kumu a me ka helu hua hua ikaika o nā mea kanu ke ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kukui polū ma mua o ke kukui ʻulaʻula.No nā hōʻailona biochemical, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻike o ke kukui ʻulaʻula ma mua o ke kukui polū i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kō i loko o nā mea kanu.Eia nō naʻe, no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o VC, soluble protein, chlorophyll a me nā carotenoids i nā mea kanu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukui LED me ka ʻoi aku o nā kukui polū ʻoi aʻe ma mua o ke kukui ʻulaʻula, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka malondialdehyde ma lalo o kēia kūlana kukui.

No ka mea, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hale hana mea kanu no ka mahi ʻana i nā lau lau a i ʻole no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kanu ʻoihana, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia mai nā hopena i luna aʻe ma lalo o ka manaʻo o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hua a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka maikaʻi, kūpono ia e hoʻohana i nā chip LED me ka ʻulaʻula kiʻekiʻe. maʻiʻo māmā ma mua o ke kukui uliuli e like me ke kumu kukui.ʻO ka lakio maikaʻi ʻo R:B = 7:3.ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, pili ka ratio o ke kukui ʻulaʻula a me ka uliuli i nā ʻano lau lau a i ʻole nā ​​mea kanu, a ʻaʻohe koi kikoʻī no nā mea kanu like ʻole.

Koho ʻulaʻula a me ka uliuli

I ka wā photosynthesis, ua komo nui ka ikehu māmā ma o ka chlorophyll a a me ka chlorophyll b.Hōʻike ke kiʻi ma lalo nei i ke kiko kikoʻī o ka chlorophyll a a me ka chlorophyll b, kahi o ka laina kikoʻī ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻo ia ke kikoo absorption o ka chlorophyll a, a ʻo ka laina kikoʻī uliuli ʻo ia ka spectrum absorption o chlorophyll b.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi he ʻelua mau piko o ka chlorophyll a me ka chlorophyll b, hoʻokahi ma ka ʻāpana kukui uliuli a ʻo kekahi ma ka ʻāpana kukui ʻulaʻula.Akā, ʻokoʻa iki nā kiʻekiʻe absorption o chlorophyll a a me chlorophyll b.No ka pololei, ʻo nā lōʻihi hawewe piko ʻelua o ka chlorophyll a he 430 nm a me 662 nm, a ʻo nā lōʻihi nalu ʻelua o chlorophyll b he 453 nm a me 642 nm.ʻAʻole e loli kēia mau loina nalu ʻehā me nā mea kanu like ʻole, no laila ʻaʻole e loli ke koho ʻana o nā nalu ʻulaʻula a me ka uliuli i ke kumu kukui me nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole.

ʻO ke kiko hoʻomoe o ka chlorophyll a a me ka chlorophyll b

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi kukui LED maʻamau me kahi ākea ākea e like me ke kumu kukui o ka hale hana mea kanu, ʻoiai hiki ke uhi ʻia ke kukui ʻulaʻula a me ka uliuli i nā lōʻihi nalu ʻelua o ka chlorophyll a a me ka chlorophyll b, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka laulā o ka nalu ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka maʻamau 620 ~ 680 nm, ʻoiai ke kukui polū ʻO ka laulā hawewe mai 400 a 480 nm.Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pono e ākea ka laulā nalu o ke kukui ʻulaʻula a me ka uliuli no ka mea ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopau wale i ka ikehu māmā, akā hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena ʻē aʻe.

Inā hoʻohana ʻia kahi kukui LED i haku ʻia me nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula, melemele a me ka uliuli ma ke ʻano he kumu kukui o ka hale hana mea kanu, pono e hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka nalu peak o ke kukui ʻulaʻula i ka lōʻihi o ka nalu o chlorophyll a, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma 660 nm, ka lōʻihi o ka nalu. o ke kukui polū e pono e hoonoho i ka nalu peak o chlorophyll b, oia hoi ma 450 nm.

ʻO ke kuleana o ke kukui melemele a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi inā ʻo R:G:B=6:1:3 ka ratio o ka ʻulaʻula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka uliuli.E pili ana i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ka nalu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, no ka mea he kuleana nui ia i ke kaʻina o ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu, pono wale nō ma waena o 530 a 550 nm.

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

Kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i ka hoʻolālā koho ʻana o ka maikaʻi māmā i nā hale mea kanu mai nā ʻano theoretical a me nā ʻano hana, me ke koho ʻana i ka laulā nalu o ke kukui ʻulaʻula a me ka uliuli i ke kumu kukui LED a me ke kuleana a me ka ratio o ke kukui melemele a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo.Ma ke kaʻina o ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike kūpono ma waena o nā kumu ʻekolu o ka ikaika māmā, ka maikaʻi o ka māmā a me ka manawa māmā, a me kā lākou pilina me nā meaʻai, ka mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa, a me ka ʻike CO2.No ka hana maoli, inā paha ʻoe e hoʻolālā e hoʻohana i kahi kikoʻī ākea a i ʻole ka hui pū ʻana o nā kukui tunable spectrum LED, ʻo ka lakio o nā hawewe ka mea nui e noʻonoʻo ai, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka māmā, hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka manawa maoli i ka wā o ka hana.No laila, ʻo ka noʻonoʻo nui loa i ka pae hoʻolālā o nā hale kanu mea kanu ke koho ʻana i ka maikaʻi māmā.

Mea kākau: Yong Xu

Kumukumu: Wechat mooolelo o Agricultural Engineering Technology (greenhouse horticulture)

Nānā: Yong Xu,ʻO ka hoʻolālā koho maikaʻi māmā ma nā hale hana mea kanu [J].ʻenehana ʻenekinia mahiʻai, 2022, 42(4): 22-25.