He aha ka hope o nā hale hana mea kanu?

Abstract: I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka ʻimi mau ʻana o ka ʻenehana mahiʻai hou, ua ulu wikiwiki ka ʻoihana mea kanu.Hōʻike kēia pepa i ke kūlana quo, nā pilikia e kū nei a me nā hoʻoponopono hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana hale hana mea kanu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana, a ke nānā nei i ke ʻano hoʻomohala a me ka manaʻo o nā hale mea kanu i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

1. Ke kūlana o kēia manawa o ka hoʻomohala ʻenehana i nā hale hana mea kanu ma Kina a ma waho

1.1 Ke kūlana kūlana o ka hoʻomohala ʻenehana haole

Mai ka 21st century, ʻo ka noiʻi ʻana o nā hale hana mea kanu i kālele nui ʻia i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pono māmā, ka hana ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana mahiʻai ʻekolu-dimensional multi-layer, a me ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻokele naʻauao a me ka mana.I ke kenekulia 21, ua holomua ka hana hou o nā kumu kukui LED mahiʻai, e hāʻawi ana i ke kākoʻo ʻenehana koʻikoʻi no ka noi ʻana i nā kumu kukui mālama ola LED i nā hale mea kanu.Ua hana ʻo Chiba University ma Iapana i nā mea hou i nā kumu kukui kiʻekiʻe, ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, a me nā ʻenehana mahiʻai.Ke hoʻohana nei ʻo Wageningen University ma Netherlands i ka simulation crop-environment simulation a me dynamic optimization technology e hoʻomohala i kahi ʻōnaehana lako akamai no nā hale hana mea kanu, kahi e hōʻemi nui ai i nā kumukūʻai hana a hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka huahana hana.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻike mālie nā hale hana mea kanu i ka semi-automate o nā kaʻina hana mai ka lūlū ʻana, ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kanu, ke kanu ʻana, a me ka ʻohi ʻana.Aia ʻo Iapana, Netherlands, a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma mua, me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka mechanization, automation, a me ka naʻauao, a ke hoʻomohala nei i ke ala o ka mahiʻai kūpaʻa a me ka hana ʻole.

1.2 kūlana hoʻomohala ʻenehana ma Kina

1.2.1 Specializd LED kumu kukui a me ka ikehu-ola noi 'enehana lako no ka hana kukui ma ka hale hana.

Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā kumu kukui LED ʻulaʻula a me polū kūikawā no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole i nā hale hana mea kanu.ʻO ka mana mai 30 a 300 W, a ʻo ka nui o ka māmā irradiation ʻo 80 a 500 μmol/(m2•s), hiki ke hāʻawi i ka ikaika māmā me kahi pae paepae kūpono, nā ʻāpana maikaʻi māmā, e hoʻokō i ka hopena o ka hana kiʻekiʻe. mālama i ka ikehu a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā pono o ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu a me nā kukui.Ma keʻano o ka mālamaʻana i ka wela wela, ua hoʻokomoʻia ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā wela o ka punawai kukui, e ho'ēmi ana i ka māmā o ka pohō o ke kumu kukui a me ka mālamaʻana i ke ola o ke kumu kukui.Eia kekahi, ua noi ʻia kahi ala e hōʻemi ai i ka wela o ke kumu kukui LED ma o ka nutrient solution a i ʻole ke kahe wai.Ma ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka lumi kumu māmā, e like me ke kānāwai evolution o ka nui o ka mea kanu i ke kahua seedling a ma hope o ka pae, ma o ka hoʻokele neʻe ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana o ke kumu kukui LED, hiki ke hoʻomālamalama ʻia ka canopy o ka mea kanu ma kahi kokoke loa a ʻo ka pahuhopu hoʻōla. loaa.I kēia manawa, hiki ke helu i ka 50% a 60% o ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu hana o ka hale hana mea kanu.ʻOiai hiki i ka LED ke mālama i ka ikehu 50% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kukui fluorescent, aia nō ka hiki a me ka pono o ka noiʻi no ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka hoʻemi ʻai.

1.2.2 ʻenehana mahiʻai ʻekolu-dimensional multi-layer a me nā lako

Ua ho'emi 'ia ka āwaha papa o ka mahi 'ekolu-dimensional multi-layer no ka mea, ua ho'ololi ka LED i ke kukui fluorescent, kahi e ho'omaika'i ai i ka pono o ka ho'ohana 'ana i ka mea kanu.Nui nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o lalo o ka moena mahiʻai.Hoʻolālā ʻia nā kaha i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia e hoʻoheheʻe i ke kahe ʻino, hiki ke kōkua i nā aʻa kanu e hoʻomoʻa i nā meaʻai i loko o ka hopena meaʻai me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike o ka oxygen dissolved.Ke hoʻohana nei i ka papa colonization, ʻelua mau ʻano colonization, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā kīʻaha koloni plastik o nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole a i ʻole ke ʻano colonization perimeter sponge.Ua ʻike ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana mahiʻai hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a hiki ke hoʻokuʻu lima ʻia ka papa kanu a me nā mea kanu ma luna mai kekahi ʻaoʻao a i kekahi, e ʻike ana i ke ʻano hana o ke kanu ʻana ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka moena mahiʻai a me ka ʻohi ʻana ma kekahi ʻaoʻao.I kēia manawa, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi ʻano o nā ʻenehana moʻomeheu ʻekolu-layer soilless moʻomeheu a me nā mea hana e pili ana i ka ʻenehana kiʻiʻoniʻoni wai wai a me ka ʻenehana kahe wai hohonu, a me ka ʻenehana a me nā mea hana no ka kanu substrate o nā strawberries, aerosol cultivation o nā lau lau a me nā pua. ua kupu mai.Ua ulu wikiwiki ka ʻenehana i ʻōlelo ʻia.

1.2.3 ʻenehana a me nā mea hana e hoʻoponopono ai i nā meaʻai

Ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o ka hopena nutrient no kekahi manawa, pono e hoʻohui i ka wai a me nā mea mineral.ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o ka hoʻonā meaʻai hou i hoʻomākaukau ʻia a me ka nui o ka hopena acid-base ma ke ana ʻana i ka EC a me ka pH.Pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā ʻāpana nui o ka sediment a i ʻole ka exfoliation o ke aʻa i loko o ka hopena nutrient e kahi kānana.Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā aʻa exudates i loko o ka meaʻai meaʻai e nā ala photocatalytic e pale aku i nā pilikia o ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka hydroponics, akā aia kekahi mau pilikia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai.

1.2.4 ʻenehana hoʻomalu kaiapuni a me nā lako

ʻO ka maʻemaʻe o ka ea o ka lumi hana kekahi o nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o ka maikaʻi o ka ea o ka hale hana mea kanu.ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka ea (nā hōʻailona o nā mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia a me nā bacteria i hoʻopaʻa ʻia) i loko o ka wahi hana o ka hale hana mea kanu ma lalo o nā kūlana ikaika e pono e hoʻomalu ʻia i kahi pae ma luna o 100,000.ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka disinfection waiwai, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ea o ka poʻe e komo mai ana, a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ea ea hou (ea kānana ʻana) ʻo ia nā mea palekana.ʻO ka mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa, ka ʻike CO2 a me ka wikiwiki o ka ea o ka ea i loko o ka lumi hana kekahi mea nui o ka hoʻokele maikaʻi o ka ea.Wahi a nā moʻolelo, ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā mea hana e like me nā pahu hui ʻana o ka ea, nā lewa ea, nā ea inlets a me nā puka makani e hiki ke hoʻomalu pono i ka mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa, CO2 ka manaʻo a me ka wikiwiki o ka ea i loko o ka wahi hana, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ka kūlike spatial kiʻekiʻe a hoʻokō i nā pono o nā mea kanu. ma nā wahi kikowaʻi like ʻole.ʻO ka mahana, ka haʻahaʻa a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele CO2 a me ka ʻōnaehana ea hou i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana ea holo.Pono nā ʻōnaehana ʻekolu e kaʻana like i ka ea duct, ea inlet a me ka ea puka, a hāʻawi i ka mana ma o ka peʻa e ʻike ai i ke kahe o ka ea, kānana a me ka disinfection, a me ka hoʻonui a me ka kūlike o ka maikaʻi o ka ea.Hoʻopaʻa ia i ka hana ʻana o nā mea kanu i ka hale hana mea kanu me ka ʻole o nā pests a me nā maʻi, ʻaʻole koi ʻia ka noi pesticide.I ka manawa like, ua hōʻoia ʻia ka kūlike o ka mahana, ka haʻahaʻa, ka ea a me ka ʻike CO2 o nā mea ulu ulu i ka canopy e hoʻokō i nā pono o ka ulu ulu.

2. Ke kūlana hoʻomohala o ka ʻoihana hale hana meaʻai

2.1 Kūlana kūlana o ka ʻoihana mea kanu mea kanu haole

I Iapana, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoihana mea kanu kukui artificial, a aia lākou ma ka pae kiʻekiʻe.I ka makahiki 2010, ua hoʻokuʻu ke aupuni Iapana i 50 biliona yen e kākoʻo i ka noiʻi ʻenehana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hōʻikeʻike ʻoihana.ʻEwalu mau keʻena me ke Kulanui ʻo Chiba a me Iapana Plant Factory Research Association i komo.Ua hoʻokumu a lawelawe ʻo Japan Future Company i ka papahana hōʻikeʻike ʻenehana mua o kahi hale hana mea kanu me ka hoʻopuka ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā o 3,000 mau mea kanu.I ka makahiki 2012, he 700 yen/kg ke kumu kūʻai o ka hale hana.I ka makahiki 2014, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hale hana mea kanu hou ma Taga Castle, Miyagi Prefecture, a lilo i hale hana kanu LED mua ma ka honua me ka hoʻopuka ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā o 10,000 mau mea kanu.Mai ka makahiki 2016, ua komo nā ʻoihana mea kanu LED i ke ala wikiwiki o ka ʻoihana ʻoihana ma Iapana, a ua puka mai nā ʻoihana hoʻomaha a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea waiwai.I ka makahiki 2018, ʻike ʻia nā ʻoihana mea kanu nui me ka nui o ka hana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā o 50,000 a 100,000 mau mea kanu i kēlā me kēia, a ke ulu nei nā mea kanu honua i ka ulu nui, ʻoihana a me ka naʻauao.I ka manawa like, ua hoʻomaka ka Tokyo Electric Power, Okinawa Electric Power a me nā māla ʻē aʻe e hoʻokomo i nā hale hana mea kanu.I ka makahiki 2020, ʻo ka māhele mākeke o ka lettuce i hana ʻia e nā mea kanu lāʻau Iapana e helu ma kahi o 10% o ka mākeke lettuce holoʻokoʻa.Ma waena o 250 oi aku o 250 mea kanu kukui-type mea kanu e hana nei i keia manawa, 20% i loko o ka pohō-hana pae, 50% i ka break-even pae, a me 30% i loko o ka waiwai pae, e pili ana i mahiʻai mea kanu e like me letus, nā mea kanu, a me nā mea kanu.

He alakaʻi honua maoli ʻo Netherlands ma ke kahua o ka ʻenehana noiʻi hui ʻana o ka mālamalama o ka lā a me ke kukui artificial no ka hale hana mea kanu, me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka mechanization, automation, naʻauao a me ka unmannedness, a ua hoʻokuʻu aku i kahi pūʻulu piha o nā ʻenehana a me nā lako e like me ka ikaika. nā huahana i ka Middle East, ʻApelika, Kina a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.Aia ka mahiʻai ʻAmelika AeroFarms ma Newark, New Jersey, USA, me kahi ʻāpana o 6500 m2.Hoʻoulu nui ia i nā mea kanu a me nā mea ʻala, a ʻo ka huahana ma kahi o 900 t / makahiki.

hale hana1ʻO ka mahiʻai kū pololei ma AeroFarms

Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻoihana mahiʻai kūwaho o Plenty Company ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i nā kukui LED a me kahi kumu kanu kū i ke kiʻekiʻe o 6 m.Ulu nā mea kanu mai nā ʻaoʻao o nā mea kanu.Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka gravity watering, ʻaʻole pono kēia ʻano kanu i nā pāpaʻi hou aʻe a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma mua o ka mahiʻai maʻamau.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Plenty e hoʻopuka ana kāna mahiʻai i 350 mau manawa o ka hoʻopuka ʻana o kahi mahiʻai maʻamau me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka 1% o ka wai.

hale hana2Hale hana mea kanu mahiai Vertical, Plenty Company

2.2 Kūlana mea kanu hale hana ma Kina

Ma 2009, ka hale hana mea kanu mua ma Kina me ka mana naʻauao e like me ke kumu i kūkulu ʻia a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka Changchun Agricultural Expo Park.ʻO 200 m2 ka wahi o ka hale, a ʻo nā mea kūlohelohe e like me ka mahana, ka haʻahaʻa, ka māmā, ka CO2 a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea kanu mea kanu hiki ke nānā pono ʻia i ka manawa maoli e ʻike ai i ka hoʻokele naʻauao.

I ka makahiki 2010, ua kūkulu ʻia ʻo Tongzhou Plant Factory ma Beijing.Hoʻohana ka hale nui i kahi hoʻolālā kila māmā hoʻokahi me ka nui o ke kūkulu ʻana o 1289 m2.Ua like ia me ka mokulele mokulele, e hōʻailona ana i ka mahiʻai Kina e alakaʻi ana i ka holo ʻana i ka ʻenehana ʻoi loa o ka mahiʻai hou.Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā mea hana maʻalahi no kekahi mau hana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā lau lau, kahi i hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka pae automation hana a me ka hana pono o ka hale hana mea kanu.Hoʻohana ka hale hana mea kanu i kahi ʻōnaehana wela kumu honua a me kahi ʻōnaehana hana mana o ka lā, kahi e hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ai i ka pilikia o nā koina hana kiʻekiʻe no ka hale hana mea kanu.

hale hana3 hale hana4ʻO loko a me waho ka ʻike o Tongzhou Plant Factory

I ka makahiki 2013, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā hui ʻenehana mahiʻai he nui ma Yangling Agricultural High-tech Demonstration Zone, Shaanxi Province.ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hale hana mea kanu i lalo o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana a me ka hana ʻana aia i loko o nā paka hōʻikeʻike ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe o ka mahiʻai, kahi i hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā hōʻikeʻike ʻepekema kaulana a me nā mākaʻikaʻi leʻaleʻa.Ma muli o ko lākou mau palena hana, he mea paʻakikī i kēia mau hale hana ʻepekema kaulana e hoʻokō i ka hua kiʻekiʻe a me ka pono kiʻekiʻe e koi ʻia e ka ʻoihana, a he mea paʻakikī iā lākou ke lilo i ke ʻano kumu o ka ʻoihana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

I ka makahiki 2015, ua hui pū kekahi mea hana chip LED nui ma Kina me ka Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences e hoʻomaka pū i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi ʻoihana mea kanu.Ua hele aku ia mai ka ʻoihana optoelectronic i ka ʻoihana "photobiological", a ua lilo ia i mea hoʻohālike no nā mea hana LED Kina e hoʻopukapuka kālā i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale mea kanu i ka ʻoihana.ʻO kāna Plant Factory ua kūpaʻa i ka hana ʻana i ka hoʻopukapuka ʻoihana i ka photobiology e puka mai ana, e hoʻohui i ka noiʻi ʻepekema, hana, hōʻikeʻike, incubation a me nā hana ʻē aʻe, me kahi kapikala i hoʻopaʻa ʻia he 100 miliona yuan.I Iune 2016, ua hoʻopau ʻia kēia Plant Factory me kahi hale 3-storey e uhi ana i kahi ʻāpana o 3,000 m2 a me kahi mahiʻai ʻoi aku ma mua o 10,000 m2 i hoʻopau ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia.Ma Mei 2017, ʻo ka nui o ka hana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā he 1,500 kg o nā lau lau, e like me 15,000 mea kanu letus i kēlā me kēia lā.

hale hana5Nā manaʻo o kēia hui

3. Nā pilikia a me nā mea e kū nei i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale hana mea kanu

3.1 Nā pilikia

3.1.1 Koina kūkulu kiʻekiʻe

Pono nā hale hana mea kanu e hoʻohua i nā mea kanu i kahi wahi pani.No laila, pono ke kūkulu ʻana i nā papahana kākoʻo a me nā lako e pili ana i nā hale mālama waho, nā ʻōnaehana ea, nā kumu kukui artificial, nā ʻōnaehana mahiʻai multi-layer, circulation solution nutrient, a me nā ʻōnaehana kamepiula.He kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai kūkulu.

3.1.2 Koina hana kiekie

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kumu kukui e koi ʻia e nā hale mea kanu mai nā kukui LED, e hoʻopau ana i ka nui o ka uila me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā spectrums kūpono no ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu like ʻole.ʻO nā mea hana e like me ka ea, ea, a me nā paila wai i ke kaʻina hana o nā hale hana mea kanu e hoʻopau pū i ka uila, no laila he uku nui nā bila uila.Wahi a nā helu helu, ma waena o nā kumukūʻai hana o nā hale mea kanu, ʻo nā kumukūʻai uila no 29%, nā kumukūʻai hana no 26%, nā helu hoʻohaʻahaʻa waiwai paʻa no 23%, ka waihona a me ka lawe ʻana i ka helu no 12%, a me nā mea hana no 10%.

hale hana6Hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kumukūʻai hana no ka hale hana mea kanu

3.1.3 Haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka automation

ʻO ka hale hana mea kanu i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka automation, a ʻo nā kaʻina hana e like me ke kanu ʻana, ke kanu ʻana, ke kanu ʻana, a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana e koi mau ana i nā hana lima, e hopena i nā koina hana kiʻekiʻe.

3.1.4 Nā ʻano mea kanu liʻiliʻi hiki ke mahi ʻia

I kēia manawa, ua kaupalena ʻia nā ʻano mea kanu kūpono no nā hale hana mea kanu, ʻo ka nui o nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo e ulu wikiwiki ana, e ʻae maʻalahi i nā kumu kukui hana, a me ka uhi haʻahaʻa.ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ke kanu nui no nā koi kanu paʻakikī (e like me nā mea kanu pono e pollinated, etc.).

3.2 Hoʻolālā Hoʻomohala

I ka nānā ʻana i nā pilikia e kū nei i ka ʻoihana mea kanu, pono ia e hana i ka noiʻi mai nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka ʻenehana a me ka hana.Ma ka pane ʻana i nā pilikia o kēia manawa, ʻo ia ka mea e pale aku ai.

(1) E hoʻoikaika i ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka ʻenehana akamai o nā hale mea kanu a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pae o ka hoʻokele ikaika a hoʻomaʻemaʻe.ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele naʻauao a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele e kōkua i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻokele ikaika a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia o nā hale mea kanu, hiki ke hōʻemi nui i nā kumukūʻai hana a mālama i ka hana.

(2) E hoʻomohala i nā mea ʻenehana mea kanu ikaika a maikaʻi no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka makahiki kiʻekiʻe a me nā hua kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā keʻena mahiʻai kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea hana, ka ʻenehana kukui hoʻōla ʻana i ka ikehu a me nā mea hana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pae naʻauao o nā hale hana mea kanu, e kūpono i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hana kiʻekiʻe o ka makahiki.

(3) Hana i ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka ʻenehana mahiʻai no nā mea kanu waiwai nui e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea kanu mālama ola kino, a me nā mea kanu laha ʻole, e hoʻonui i nā ʻano mea kanu i mahi ʻia i loko o nā hale mea kanu, hoʻonui i nā ala waiwai, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka loaʻa kālā. .

(4) E hana i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā hale hana mea kanu no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka home a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana, hoʻonui i nā ʻano hale mea kanu, a loaʻa ka loaʻa kālā mau me nā hana like ʻole.

4. ʻO ka ulu ʻana a me ka manaʻo o ka hale hana mea kanu

4.1 ʻOihana Hoʻomohala ʻenehana

4.1.1 Ka hoʻonaʻauao piha

Hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka mīkini-art fusion a me ka pale pale ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana crop-robot, kiʻekiʻe ka wikiwiki a me ka hoʻopau ʻole i ke kanu ʻana a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā hopena hopena, hāʻawi ʻia i nā wahi kikoʻī multi-dimensional i ka hoʻonohonoho pololei a me nā ʻano multi-modal multi-machine collaborative control. a me unmanned, efficient a me ka non-destructive lulu i loko o kiʻekiʻe-ala mea kanu hale hana -Intelligent robots a me ke kākoʻo lako e like me ke kanu-ʻohi-packing pono e hana, pela e ike i ka unmanned hana o ke kaʻina hana holoʻokoʻa.

4.1.2 E hoʻoikaika i ka mana hana

Ma muli o ke ʻano pane o ka ulu ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pāhawewe māmā, ka mahana, ka haʻahaʻa, ka ʻike CO2, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka meaʻai o ka meaʻai meaʻai, a me EC, pono e kūkulu ʻia kahi kumu hoʻohālike o ka manaʻo o ka ʻai-kaiapuni.Pono e hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kumu hoʻohālike koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻike ola lau lau a me nā ʻāpana kaiapuni hana.Pono e hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hōʻailona hōʻoia pūnaewele a me ka ʻōnaehana kaʻina hana o ke kaiapuni.Pono e hana ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻoholo hoʻoholo no ka hana holoʻokoʻa o kahi hale hana mahiʻai kiʻekiʻe.

4.1.3 Haʻahaʻa kalapona hana a me ka ikehu hoola

Hoʻokumu i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele ikehu e hoʻohana ana i nā kumu ikehu hou e like me ka lā a me ka makani e hoʻopau i ka hoʻoili mana a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka ikehu e hoʻokō i nā pahuhopu hoʻokele ikehu maikaʻi loa.Hopu a hoʻohana hou i nā hoʻokuʻu CO2 e kōkua i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kanu.

4.1.3 Waiwai kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻano like ʻole

Pono e lawe ʻia nā hoʻolālā kūpono e hoʻohua i nā ʻano like ʻole kiʻekiʻe o ka waiwai i hoʻohui ʻia no ke kanu ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua, kūkulu i kahi waihona o ka poʻe loea ʻenehana mahiʻai, hana i ka noiʻi ʻana i ka ʻenehana mahiʻai, ke koho ʻana i ka nui, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻōpala, nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā lako hana, a hoʻokumu i nā kikoʻī ʻenehana mahiʻai maʻamau.

4.2 Nā manaʻo hoʻomohala ʻoihana

Hiki i nā hale hana mea kanu ke hoʻopau i nā kaohi o nā kumuwaiwai a me ke kaiapuni, ʻike i ka hana ʻenehana o ka mahiʻai, a huki i ka hanauna hou o ka poʻe hana e komo i ka hana mahiʻai.ʻO ka hana ʻenehana koʻikoʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hale hana mea kanu o Kina ke lilo nei i alakaʻi honua.Me ka hoʻohana wikiwiki ʻana o ke kumu kukui LED, digitization, automation, a me nā ʻenehana naʻauao i ke kahua o nā hale hana mea kanu, nā hale hana mea kanu e huki hou aku i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā, hōʻiliʻili talena, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu hou, nā mea hou, a me nā lako hou.Ma kēia ala, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻohui hohonu ʻana o ka ʻenehana ʻike a me nā mea hana a me nā mea hana, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka pae naʻauao a me ka unmanned o nā lako a me nā mea hana, ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu ʻōnaehana a me nā kumukūʻai hana ma o ka hoʻomau mau ʻana, a me ka lohi. ka mahiʻai ʻana i nā mākeke kūikawā, nā hale hana mea kanu naʻauao e hoʻolauna i ka wā gula o ka hoʻomohala ʻana.

Wahi a nā hōʻike noiʻi mākeke, ʻo ka nui o ka mākeke mahiʻai kūwaho honua ma 2020 he US $ 2.9 biliona wale nō, a ke manaʻo ʻia nei e 2025, e piʻi ka nui o ka mākeke mahiʻai kūwaho honua i $ 30 biliona.I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, loaʻa i nā hale hana mea kanu nā manaʻo noiʻi ākea a me nā wahi hoʻomohala.

Mea kākau: Zengchan Zhou, Weidong, etc

ʻIkepili kuhi:ʻO ke kūlana o kēia manawa a me nā manaʻo o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoihana hale mea kanu [J].ʻenehana ʻenekinia mahiʻai, 2022, 42(1): 18-23.na Zengchan Zhou, Wei Dong, Xiugang Li, a me al.


Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-23-2022