Abstract: I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka ʻimi mau ʻana o ka ʻenehana mahiʻai hou, ua ulu wikiwiki ka ʻoihana mea kanu.Hōʻike kēia pepa i ke kūlana quo, nā pilikia e kū nei a me nā hoʻoponopono hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana hale hana mea kanu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana, a ke nānā nei i ke ʻano hoʻomohala a me ka manaʻo o nā hale mea kanu i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
1. Ke kūlana o kēia manawa o ka hoʻomohala ʻenehana i nā hale hana mea kanu ma Kina a ma waho
1.1 Ke kūlana kūlana o ka hoʻomohala ʻenehana haole
Mai ka 21st century, ʻo ka noiʻi ʻana o nā hale hana mea kanu i kālele nui ʻia i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pono māmā, ka hana ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana mahiʻai ʻekolu-dimensional multi-layer, a me ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻokele naʻauao a me ka mana.I ke kenekulia 21, ua holomua ka hana hou o nā kumu kukui LED mahiʻai, e hāʻawi ana i ke kākoʻo ʻenehana koʻikoʻi no ka noi ʻana i nā kumu kukui mālama ola LED i nā hale mea kanu.Ua hana ʻo Chiba University ma Iapana i nā mea hou i nā kumu kukui kiʻekiʻe, ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, a me nā ʻenehana mahiʻai.Ke hoʻohana nei ʻo Wageningen University ma Netherlands i ka simulation crop-environment simulation a me dynamic optimization technology e hoʻomohala i kahi ʻōnaehana lako akamai no nā hale hana mea kanu, kahi e hōʻemi nui ai i nā kumukūʻai hana a hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka huahana hana.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻike mālie nā hale hana mea kanu i ka semi-automate o nā kaʻina hana mai ka lūlū ʻana, ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kanu, ke kanu ʻana, a me ka ʻohi ʻana.Aia ʻo Iapana, Netherlands, a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma mua, me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka mechanization, automation, a me ka naʻauao, a ke hoʻomohala nei i ke ala o ka mahiʻai kūpaʻa a me ka hana ʻole.
1.2 kūlana hoʻomohala ʻenehana ma Kina
1.2.1 Specializd LED kumu kukui a me ka ikehu-ola noi 'enehana lako no ka hana kukui ma ka hale hana.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā kumu kukui LED ʻulaʻula a me polū kūikawā no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole i nā hale hana mea kanu.ʻO ka mana mai 30 a 300 W, a ʻo ka nui o ka māmā irradiation ʻo 80 a 500 μmol/(m2•s), hiki ke hāʻawi i ka ikaika māmā me kahi pae paepae kūpono, nā ʻāpana maikaʻi māmā, e hoʻokō i ka hopena o ka hana kiʻekiʻe. mālama i ka ikehu a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā pono o ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu a me nā kukui.Ma keʻano o ka mālamaʻana i ka wela wela, ua hoʻokomoʻia ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā wela o ka punawai kukui, e ho'ēmi ana i ka māmā o ka pohō o ke kumu kukui a me ka mālamaʻana i ke ola o ke kumu kukui.Eia kekahi, ua noi ʻia kahi ala e hōʻemi ai i ka wela o ke kumu kukui LED ma o ka nutrient solution a i ʻole ke kahe wai.Ma ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka lumi kumu māmā, e like me ke kānāwai evolution o ka nui o ka mea kanu i ke kahua seedling a ma hope o ka pae, ma o ka hoʻokele neʻe ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana o ke kumu kukui LED, hiki ke hoʻomālamalama ʻia ka canopy o ka mea kanu ma kahi kokoke loa a ʻo ka pahuhopu hoʻōla. loaa.I kēia manawa, hiki ke helu i ka 50% a 60% o ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu hana o ka hale hana mea kanu.ʻOiai hiki i ka LED ke mālama i ka ikehu 50% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kukui fluorescent, aia nō ka hiki a me ka pono o ka noiʻi no ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka hoʻemi ʻai.
1.2.2 ʻenehana mahiʻai ʻekolu-dimensional multi-layer a me nā lako
Ua ho'emi 'ia ka āwaha papa o ka mahi 'ekolu-dimensional multi-layer no ka mea, ua ho'ololi ka LED i ke kukui fluorescent, kahi e ho'omaika'i ai i ka pono o ka ho'ohana 'ana i ka mea kanu.Nui nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o lalo o ka moena mahiʻai.Hoʻolālā ʻia nā kaha i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia e hoʻoheheʻe i ke kahe ʻino, hiki ke kōkua i nā aʻa kanu e hoʻomoʻa i nā meaʻai i loko o ka hopena meaʻai me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike o ka oxygen dissolved.Ke hoʻohana nei i ka papa colonization, ʻelua mau ʻano colonization, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā kīʻaha koloni plastik o nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole a i ʻole ke ʻano colonization perimeter sponge.Ua ʻike ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana mahiʻai hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a hiki ke hoʻokuʻu lima ʻia ka papa kanu a me nā mea kanu ma luna mai kekahi ʻaoʻao a i kekahi, e ʻike ana i ke ʻano hana o ke kanu ʻana ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka moena mahiʻai a me ka ʻohi ʻana ma kekahi ʻaoʻao.I kēia manawa, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi ʻano o nā ʻenehana moʻomeheu ʻekolu-layer soilless moʻomeheu a me nā mea hana e pili ana i ka ʻenehana kiʻiʻoniʻoni wai wai a me ka ʻenehana kahe wai hohonu, a me ka ʻenehana a me nā mea hana no ka kanu substrate o nā strawberries, aerosol cultivation o nā lau lau a me nā pua. ua kupu mai.Ua ulu wikiwiki ka ʻenehana i ʻōlelo ʻia.
1.2.3 ʻenehana a me nā mea hana e hoʻoponopono ai i nā meaʻai
Ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o ka hopena nutrient no kekahi manawa, pono e hoʻohui i ka wai a me nā mea mineral.ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o ka hoʻonā meaʻai hou i hoʻomākaukau ʻia a me ka nui o ka hopena acid-base ma ke ana ʻana i ka EC a me ka pH.Pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā ʻāpana nui o ka sediment a i ʻole ka exfoliation o ke aʻa i loko o ka hopena nutrient e kahi kānana.Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā aʻa exudates i loko o ka meaʻai meaʻai e nā ala photocatalytic e pale aku i nā pilikia o ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka hydroponics, akā aia kekahi mau pilikia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai.
1.2.4 ʻenehana hoʻomalu kaiapuni a me nā lako
ʻO ka maʻemaʻe o ka ea o ka lumi hana kekahi o nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o ka maikaʻi o ka ea o ka hale hana mea kanu.ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka ea (nā hōʻailona o nā mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia a me nā bacteria i hoʻopaʻa ʻia) i loko o ka wahi hana o ka hale hana mea kanu ma lalo o nā kūlana ikaika e pono e hoʻomalu ʻia i kahi pae ma luna o 100,000.ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka disinfection waiwai, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ea o ka poʻe e komo mai ana, a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ea ea hou (ea kānana ʻana) ʻo ia nā mea palekana.ʻO ka mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa, ka ʻike CO2 a me ka wikiwiki o ka ea o ka ea i loko o ka lumi hana kekahi mea nui o ka hoʻokele maikaʻi o ka ea.Wahi a nā moʻolelo, ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā mea hana e like me nā pahu hui ʻana o ka ea, nā lewa ea, nā ea inlets a me nā puka makani e hiki ke hoʻomalu pono i ka mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa, CO2 ka manaʻo a me ka wikiwiki o ka ea i loko o ka wahi hana, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ka kūlike spatial kiʻekiʻe a hoʻokō i nā pono o nā mea kanu. ma nā wahi kikowaʻi like ʻole.ʻO ka mahana, ka haʻahaʻa a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele CO2 a me ka ʻōnaehana ea hou i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana ea holo.Pono nā ʻōnaehana ʻekolu e kaʻana like i ka ea duct, ea inlet a me ka ea puka, a hāʻawi i ka mana ma o ka peʻa e ʻike ai i ke kahe o ka ea, kānana a me ka disinfection, a me ka hoʻonui a me ka kūlike o ka maikaʻi o ka ea.Hoʻopaʻa ia i ka hana ʻana o nā mea kanu i ka hale hana mea kanu me ka ʻole o nā pests a me nā maʻi, ʻaʻole koi ʻia ka noi pesticide.I ka manawa like, ua hōʻoia ʻia ka kūlike o ka mahana, ka haʻahaʻa, ka ea a me ka ʻike CO2 o nā mea ulu ulu i ka canopy e hoʻokō i nā pono o ka ulu ulu.
2. Ke kūlana hoʻomohala o ka ʻoihana hale hana meaʻai
2.1 Kūlana kūlana o ka ʻoihana mea kanu mea kanu haole
I Iapana, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoihana mea kanu kukui artificial, a aia lākou ma ka pae kiʻekiʻe.I ka makahiki 2010, ua hoʻokuʻu ke aupuni Iapana i 50 biliona yen e kākoʻo i ka noiʻi ʻenehana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hōʻikeʻike ʻoihana.ʻEwalu mau keʻena me ke Kulanui ʻo Chiba a me Iapana Plant Factory Research Association i komo.Ua hoʻokumu a lawelawe ʻo Japan Future Company i ka papahana hōʻikeʻike ʻenehana mua o kahi hale hana mea kanu me ka hoʻopuka ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā o 3,000 mau mea kanu.I ka makahiki 2012, he 700 yen/kg ke kumu kūʻai o ka hale hana.I ka makahiki 2014, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hale hana mea kanu hou ma Taga Castle, Miyagi Prefecture, a lilo i hale hana kanu LED mua ma ka honua me ka hoʻopuka ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā o 10,000 mau mea kanu.Mai ka makahiki 2016, ua komo nā ʻoihana mea kanu LED i ke ala wikiwiki o ka ʻoihana ʻoihana ma Iapana, a ua puka mai nā ʻoihana hoʻomaha a i ʻole nā mea waiwai.I ka makahiki 2018, ʻike ʻia nā ʻoihana mea kanu nui me ka nui o ka hana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā o 50,000 a 100,000 mau mea kanu i kēlā me kēia, a ke ulu nei nā mea kanu honua i ka ulu nui, ʻoihana a me ka naʻauao.I ka manawa like, ua hoʻomaka ka Tokyo Electric Power, Okinawa Electric Power a me nā māla ʻē aʻe e hoʻokomo i nā hale hana mea kanu.I ka makahiki 2020, ʻo ka māhele mākeke o ka lettuce i hana ʻia e nā mea kanu lāʻau Iapana e helu ma kahi o 10% o ka mākeke lettuce holoʻokoʻa.Ma waena o 250 oi aku o 250 mea kanu kukui-type mea kanu e hana nei i keia manawa, 20% i loko o ka pohō-hana pae, 50% i ka break-even pae, a me 30% i loko o ka waiwai pae, e pili ana i mahiʻai mea kanu e like me letus, nā mea kanu, a me nā mea kanu.
He alakaʻi honua maoli ʻo Netherlands ma ke kahua o ka ʻenehana noiʻi hui ʻana o ka mālamalama o ka lā a me ke kukui artificial no ka hale hana mea kanu, me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka mechanization, automation, naʻauao a me ka unmannedness, a ua hoʻokuʻu aku i kahi pūʻulu piha o nā ʻenehana a me nā lako e like me ka ikaika. nā huahana i ka Middle East, ʻApelika, Kina a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.Aia ka mahiʻai ʻAmelika AeroFarms ma Newark, New Jersey, USA, me kahi ʻāpana o 6500 m2.Hoʻoulu nui ia i nā mea kanu a me nā mea ʻala, a ʻo ka huahana ma kahi o 900 t / makahiki.
ʻO ka mahiʻai kū pololei ma AeroFarms
Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻoihana mahiʻai kūwaho o Plenty Company ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i nā kukui LED a me kahi kumu kanu kū i ke kiʻekiʻe o 6 m.Ulu nā mea kanu mai nā ʻaoʻao o nā mea kanu.Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka gravity watering, ʻaʻole pono kēia ʻano kanu i nā pāpaʻi hou aʻe a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma mua o ka mahiʻai maʻamau.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Plenty e hoʻopuka ana kāna mahiʻai i 350 mau manawa o ka hoʻopuka ʻana o kahi mahiʻai maʻamau me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka 1% o ka wai.
Hale hana mea kanu mahiai Vertical, Plenty Company
2.2 Kūlana mea kanu hale hana ma Kina
Ma 2009, ka hale hana mea kanu mua ma Kina me ka mana naʻauao e like me ke kumu i kūkulu ʻia a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka Changchun Agricultural Expo Park.ʻO 200 m2 ka wahi o ka hale, a ʻo nā mea kūlohelohe e like me ka mahana, ka haʻahaʻa, ka māmā, ka CO2 a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea kanu mea kanu hiki ke nānā pono ʻia i ka manawa maoli e ʻike ai i ka hoʻokele naʻauao.
I ka makahiki 2010, ua kūkulu ʻia ʻo Tongzhou Plant Factory ma Beijing.Hoʻohana ka hale nui i kahi hoʻolālā kila māmā hoʻokahi me ka nui o ke kūkulu ʻana o 1289 m2.Ua like ia me ka mokulele mokulele, e hōʻailona ana i ka mahiʻai Kina e alakaʻi ana i ka holo ʻana i ka ʻenehana ʻoi loa o ka mahiʻai hou.Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā mea hana maʻalahi no kekahi mau hana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā lau lau, kahi i hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka pae automation hana a me ka hana pono o ka hale hana mea kanu.Hoʻohana ka hale hana mea kanu i kahi ʻōnaehana wela kumu honua a me kahi ʻōnaehana hana mana o ka lā, kahi e hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ai i ka pilikia o nā koina hana kiʻekiʻe no ka hale hana mea kanu.
ʻO loko a me waho ka ʻike o Tongzhou Plant Factory
I ka makahiki 2013, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā hui ʻenehana mahiʻai he nui ma Yangling Agricultural High-tech Demonstration Zone, Shaanxi Province.ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hale hana mea kanu i lalo o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana a me ka hana ʻana aia i loko o nā paka hōʻikeʻike ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe o ka mahiʻai, kahi i hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā hōʻikeʻike ʻepekema kaulana a me nā mākaʻikaʻi leʻaleʻa.Ma muli o ko lākou mau palena hana, he mea paʻakikī i kēia mau hale hana ʻepekema kaulana e hoʻokō i ka hua kiʻekiʻe a me ka pono kiʻekiʻe e koi ʻia e ka ʻoihana, a he mea paʻakikī iā lākou ke lilo i ke ʻano kumu o ka ʻoihana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
I ka makahiki 2015, ua hui pū kekahi mea hana chip LED nui ma Kina me ka Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences e hoʻomaka pū i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi ʻoihana mea kanu.Ua hele aku ia mai ka ʻoihana optoelectronic i ka ʻoihana "photobiological", a ua lilo ia i mea hoʻohālike no nā mea hana LED Kina e hoʻopukapuka kālā i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale mea kanu i ka ʻoihana.ʻO kāna Plant Factory ua kūpaʻa i ka hana ʻana i ka hoʻopukapuka ʻoihana i ka photobiology e puka mai ana, e hoʻohui i ka noiʻi ʻepekema, hana, hōʻikeʻike, incubation a me nā hana ʻē aʻe, me kahi kapikala i hoʻopaʻa ʻia he 100 miliona yuan.I Iune 2016, ua hoʻopau ʻia kēia Plant Factory me kahi hale 3-storey e uhi ana i kahi ʻāpana o 3,000 m2 a me kahi mahiʻai ʻoi aku ma mua o 10,000 m2 i hoʻopau ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia.Ma Mei 2017, ʻo ka nui o ka hana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā he 1,500 kg o nā lau lau, e like me 15,000 mea kanu letus i kēlā me kēia lā.
3. Nā pilikia a me nā mea e kū nei i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale hana mea kanu
3.1 Nā pilikia
3.1.1 Koina kūkulu kiʻekiʻe
Pono nā hale hana mea kanu e hoʻohua i nā mea kanu i kahi wahi pani.No laila, pono ke kūkulu ʻana i nā papahana kākoʻo a me nā lako e pili ana i nā hale mālama waho, nā ʻōnaehana ea, nā kumu kukui artificial, nā ʻōnaehana mahiʻai multi-layer, circulation solution nutrient, a me nā ʻōnaehana kamepiula.He kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai kūkulu.
3.1.2 Koina hana kiekie
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kumu kukui e koi ʻia e nā hale mea kanu mai nā kukui LED, e hoʻopau ana i ka nui o ka uila me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā spectrums kūpono no ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu like ʻole.ʻO nā mea hana e like me ka ea, ea, a me nā paila wai i ke kaʻina hana o nā hale hana mea kanu e hoʻopau pū i ka uila, no laila he uku nui nā bila uila.Wahi a nā helu helu, ma waena o nā kumukūʻai hana o nā hale mea kanu, ʻo nā kumukūʻai uila no 29%, nā kumukūʻai hana no 26%, nā helu hoʻohaʻahaʻa waiwai paʻa no 23%, ka waihona a me ka lawe ʻana i ka helu no 12%, a me nā mea hana no 10%.
Hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kumukūʻai hana no ka hale hana mea kanu
3.1.3 Haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka automation
ʻO ka hale hana mea kanu i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka automation, a ʻo nā kaʻina hana e like me ke kanu ʻana, ke kanu ʻana, ke kanu ʻana, a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana e koi mau ana i nā hana lima, e hopena i nā koina hana kiʻekiʻe.
3.1.4 Nā ʻano mea kanu liʻiliʻi hiki ke mahi ʻia
I kēia manawa, ua kaupalena ʻia nā ʻano mea kanu kūpono no nā hale hana mea kanu, ʻo ka nui o nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo e ulu wikiwiki ana, e ʻae maʻalahi i nā kumu kukui hana, a me ka uhi haʻahaʻa.ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ke kanu nui no nā koi kanu paʻakikī (e like me nā mea kanu pono e pollinated, etc.).
3.2 Hoʻolālā Hoʻomohala
I ka nānā ʻana i nā pilikia e kū nei i ka ʻoihana mea kanu, pono ia e hana i ka noiʻi mai nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka ʻenehana a me ka hana.Ma ka pane ʻana i nā pilikia o kēia manawa, ʻo ia ka mea e pale aku ai.
(1) E hoʻoikaika i ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka ʻenehana akamai o nā hale mea kanu a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pae o ka hoʻokele ikaika a hoʻomaʻemaʻe.ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele naʻauao a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele e kōkua i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻokele ikaika a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia o nā hale mea kanu, hiki ke hōʻemi nui i nā kumukūʻai hana a mālama i ka hana.
(2) E hoʻomohala i nā mea ʻenehana mea kanu ikaika a maikaʻi no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka makahiki kiʻekiʻe a me nā hua kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā keʻena mahiʻai kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea hana, ka ʻenehana kukui hoʻōla ʻana i ka ikehu a me nā mea hana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pae naʻauao o nā hale hana mea kanu, e kūpono i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hana kiʻekiʻe o ka makahiki.
(3) Hana i ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka ʻenehana mahiʻai no nā mea kanu waiwai nui e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea kanu mālama ola kino, a me nā mea kanu laha ʻole, e hoʻonui i nā ʻano mea kanu i mahi ʻia i loko o nā hale mea kanu, hoʻonui i nā ala waiwai, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka loaʻa kālā. .
(4) E hana i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā hale hana mea kanu no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka home a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana, hoʻonui i nā ʻano hale mea kanu, a loaʻa ka loaʻa kālā mau me nā hana like ʻole.
4. ʻO ka ulu ʻana a me ka manaʻo o ka hale hana mea kanu
4.1 ʻOihana Hoʻomohala ʻenehana
4.1.1 Ka hoʻonaʻauao piha
Hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka mīkini-art fusion a me ka pale pale ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana crop-robot, kiʻekiʻe ka wikiwiki a me ka hoʻopau ʻole i ke kanu ʻana a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā hopena hopena, hāʻawi ʻia i nā wahi kikoʻī multi-dimensional i ka hoʻonohonoho pololei a me nā ʻano multi-modal multi-machine collaborative control. a me unmanned, efficient a me ka non-destructive lulu i loko o kiʻekiʻe-ala mea kanu hale hana -Intelligent robots a me ke kākoʻo lako e like me ke kanu-ʻohi-packing pono e hana, pela e ike i ka unmanned hana o ke kaʻina hana holoʻokoʻa.
4.1.2 E hoʻoikaika i ka mana hana
Ma muli o ke ʻano pane o ka ulu ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pāhawewe māmā, ka mahana, ka haʻahaʻa, ka ʻike CO2, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka meaʻai o ka meaʻai meaʻai, a me EC, pono e kūkulu ʻia kahi kumu hoʻohālike o ka manaʻo o ka ʻai-kaiapuni.Pono e hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kumu hoʻohālike koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻike ola lau lau a me nā ʻāpana kaiapuni hana.Pono e hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hōʻailona hōʻoia pūnaewele a me ka ʻōnaehana kaʻina hana o ke kaiapuni.Pono e hana ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻoholo hoʻoholo no ka hana holoʻokoʻa o kahi hale hana mahiʻai kiʻekiʻe.
4.1.3 Haʻahaʻa kalapona hana a me ka ikehu hoola
Hoʻokumu i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele ikehu e hoʻohana ana i nā kumu ikehu hou e like me ka lā a me ka makani e hoʻopau i ka hoʻoili mana a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka ikehu e hoʻokō i nā pahuhopu hoʻokele ikehu maikaʻi loa.Hopu a hoʻohana hou i nā hoʻokuʻu CO2 e kōkua i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kanu.
4.1.3 Waiwai kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻano like ʻole
Pono e lawe ʻia nā hoʻolālā kūpono e hoʻohua i nā ʻano like ʻole kiʻekiʻe o ka waiwai i hoʻohui ʻia no ke kanu ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua, kūkulu i kahi waihona o ka poʻe loea ʻenehana mahiʻai, hana i ka noiʻi ʻana i ka ʻenehana mahiʻai, ke koho ʻana i ka nui, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻōpala, nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā lako hana, a hoʻokumu i nā kikoʻī ʻenehana mahiʻai maʻamau.
4.2 Nā manaʻo hoʻomohala ʻoihana
Hiki i nā hale hana mea kanu ke hoʻopau i nā kaohi o nā kumuwaiwai a me ke kaiapuni, ʻike i ka hana ʻenehana o ka mahiʻai, a huki i ka hanauna hou o ka poʻe hana e komo i ka hana mahiʻai.ʻO ka hana ʻenehana koʻikoʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hale hana mea kanu o Kina ke lilo nei i alakaʻi honua.Me ka hoʻohana wikiwiki ʻana o ke kumu kukui LED, digitization, automation, a me nā ʻenehana naʻauao i ke kahua o nā hale hana mea kanu, nā hale hana mea kanu e huki hou aku i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā, hōʻiliʻili talena, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu hou, nā mea hou, a me nā lako hou.Ma kēia ala, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻohui hohonu ʻana o ka ʻenehana ʻike a me nā mea hana a me nā mea hana, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka pae naʻauao a me ka unmanned o nā lako a me nā mea hana, ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu ʻōnaehana a me nā kumukūʻai hana ma o ka hoʻomau mau ʻana, a me ka lohi. ka mahiʻai ʻana i nā mākeke kūikawā, nā hale hana mea kanu naʻauao e hoʻolauna i ka wā gula o ka hoʻomohala ʻana.
Wahi a nā hōʻike noiʻi mākeke, ʻo ka nui o ka mākeke mahiʻai kūwaho honua ma 2020 he US $ 2.9 biliona wale nō, a ke manaʻo ʻia nei e 2025, e piʻi ka nui o ka mākeke mahiʻai kūwaho honua i $ 30 biliona.I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, loaʻa i nā hale hana mea kanu nā manaʻo noiʻi ākea a me nā wahi hoʻomohala.
Mea kākau: Zengchan Zhou, Weidong, etc
ʻIkepili kuhi:ʻO ke kūlana o kēia manawa a me nā manaʻo o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoihana hale mea kanu [J].ʻenehana ʻenekinia mahiʻai, 2022, 42(1): 18-23.na Zengchan Zhou, Wei Dong, Xiugang Li, a me al.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-23-2022